Chapter 1 Scientists Flashcards
Robert Hooke
Used a light microscope and coined the term cells.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Developed simple compound microscope and was the first to observe bacteria.
Redi
Performed an experiment where he filled jars with decaying meat. The three jars that were covered with fine mesh had no maggots on them. He intended to disprove spontaneous generation.
John Needham
Was a believer in spontaneous generation, experimented by putting boiled nutrient north into covered flasks, which were left open to the air. The media was filled with microbes.
Spallanzani
Believed in biogenesis, put broth into flasks, sealed, then heated.
Louis Pasteur
Believed in biogenesis, created S-shaped flask so that air could get in to disprove spontaneous generation. Nutrient broth was placed in a flask, heated, but not sealed, microbial growth. The sealed flask showed no growth. Created the first asceptic technique because the S-shaped flask was unsealed, but there was no growth in the broth.
Also did experiments with fermentation and developed pasteurization.
Developed rabies vaccine.
Lister
Applied germ theory to surgery, noticed that patients were dying from infections after surgery, soaked bandages in phenol.
Robert Koch
Tried to determine the etiology of disease. Isolated organisms from a sick cow, culture them, and inserted them into a live animal. The live animal’s organisms were isolated to determine if it was the same.
Edward Jenner
Developed the smallpox vaccine.
Paul Ehrich
Developed chemical drug for syphilis
Alexander Fleming
Developed penicillin
Iwanoski and Stanley
Discovered viruses
Beadle and Tatum
Came up with one gene, one enzyme theory
Watson and Crick
Developed double helix model of DNA
Jacob and Monod
Discovered messenger RNA and operons
