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Biostatistics > Chapter 1, Statistical Investigations > Flashcards

Chapter 1, Statistical Investigations Flashcards

1
Q

Population

A

Every individual in a group

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2
Q

Unit of Observation

A

One case or element you are collecting data from (ie. person, animal, object, time point, etc)

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3
Q

A variable can be thought of as a _______ or a ________ of the population that might vary with each observation

A

Attribute ; Feature

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4
Q

Statistic

A

Some calculation we might make from our collected data

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5
Q

Variable of interest

A

Changing quantity that is measured (ie. length, distance, etc)

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6
Q

Statistic possibilities

A

Probabilities

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7
Q

Statistics are generated in hopes that it estimates ______ or make judgements about them

A

Parameters

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8
Q

Parameter

A

some characteristic about the population

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9
Q

Nominal variables

A

Variables with outcomes that fall into categories with no inherent ordering/scale

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10
Q

What flu symptoms are you experiencing?

A

Nominal Variable

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11
Q

What fruits do you like to eat?

A

Nominal Variable

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12
Q

Ordinal variables

A

Variables whose outcomes fall into categories that have a meaningful ordering but not on a consistent numeric scale

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13
Q

Are you a freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior?

A

Ordinal Variables

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14
Q

Do you strongly approve, somewhat approve, somewhat disapprove, or strongly disapprove of this policy?

A

Ordinal Variables

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15
Q

Discrete Variables

A

variables whose outcomes fall on a numeric scale, but only take limited values (ie. whole numbers). These are typically countable.

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16
Q

How many days last month did you work out?

A

Discrete Variables

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17
Q

What is the number of bugs you squashed today?

A

Discrete Variables

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18
Q

Continuous Variables

A

Numeric and measurable (can take any value in a range)

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19
Q

What is the heaviest amount of weight you can squat?

A

Continuous Variables

20
Q

How much time did you spend on the homework assignment?

A

Continuous Variables

21
Q

π is a __________ for __________

A

parameter ; categorical data

22
Q

π represents

A

a population proportion (abstract, you don’t know what it is)

23
Q

p̂ is a ___________ for __________________

A

statistic ; categorical data

24
Q

p̂ represents

A

a sample proportion (you know what it is)

25
Q

μ is a ______________ for _____________

A

parameter ; numeric data

26
Q

μ represents

A

population mean

27
Q

X̄ is a ______________ for ______________

A

statistic ; numeric data

28
Q

X̄ represents

A

sample mean

29
Q

σ is a _____________ for ______________

A

parameter ; deviation

30
Q

σ represents

A

a population standard deviation

31
Q

s is a ___________ for _______________

A

statistic ; deviation

32
Q

s represents

A

a sample standard deviation

33
Q

Data on the left

A

left skewed/negatively skewed

34
Q

Data on the right

A

right skewed/positively skewed

35
Q

Bar plots

A

Used for a single categorical variable

36
Q

Histograms

A

Used for single numeric variable (x-axis is variable, y is count)

37
Q

Univariate variable

A

ask about characteristics of one variable

38
Q

Multivariate variable

A

ask about the relationship between multiple variables

39
Q

Response variable

A

a variable that we have an interest in better understanding or predicting. It is an outcome of interest

40
Q

Explanatory variable

A

a variable that we think might help predict or explain the response variable. We may suspect it is the causal agent

41
Q

Pearson’s correlation coefficient

A

A statistic between -1 and +1 that describes the direction and strength of a linear association between two numeric variables

42
Q

r represents

A

correl. coeff. sample statistic

43
Q

p represents

A

correl. coeff. population parameter

44
Q

Q1

A

25th percentile ; median of the lower half

45
Q

Q2

A

50th percentile ; median of the entire set

46
Q

Q3

A

75th percentile ; median of the upper half of the

Biostatistics (3 decks)

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