chapter 1 - the paris peace conference and the league of nations in the 1920s Flashcards
who were the triple alliance?
the triple alliance was an alliance between germany and austria-hungary in 1879, with italy joining in 1882. each agreed to help each other if war broke out.
who were the triple entente?
the triple entente was a reaction by britain, france and russia, to the triple alliance. however, unlike the latter, it was not a legally binding commitment for each other to help out if war broke out, but it was normally assume that they would.
what were the growing tensions in germany?
the german kaiser felt that his country needed to assert itself on the world stage (eg. improving their navy). he was also concerned about the threat of encirclement by other countries.
what was the clash over bosnia?
austria-hungary annexed bosnia, threathening serbia (bosnia’s neighbour), who was a friend of russia. russia was initially against the annexation but backed down when germany stated that they would support austria-hungary as russia didn’t want to risk a war with germany.
what was the outbreak of ww1?
the trigger was the assasination of the future ruler of austria-hungary by terrorists from serbia. this started a war between austria-hungary and serbia, and many allies soon joined in, and by 1914, the whole europe was at war.
how did ww1 end?
germany agreed to sign an armistice with the allies (big 3 - uk, us, france) to stop war violence . many lives were lost and there were huge political impacts on the world.
what were the impacts on germany and austria-hungary?
the kaiser was overthrown in a revolution. austria-hungary collapsed, with the empire breaking up into numerous smaller countries.
what were the impacts on britain and france?
the war had been costly for both, in terms of lives and money.
what were the impacts on the us?
us emerged stronger and richer than before, benefiting from selling weapons during the war.
what was the paris peace conference?
us president woodrow wilson came together with other leaders in the PPC in france, to reach a settlement that would legally and officially end ww1. the people of the big 3 felt that germany was responsible for the war and had to take responsibility. furthurmore, britain and france experienced several casulaties, and also numerous citizens dealt with medicine and food shortages.
what was the treaty of brest-litovsk?
it was a treaty that germany forced russia to sign in march 1918. russia lost signiicant resources like, prime agricultural land, industrial areas, coal mines, 1/3 of population and oil&iron stores. russia also had to pay 6 million marks in reparations
what did woodrow wilson want?
he wanted to implement his 14 points, one of the most important being the setting up the league of nations. while he felt that germany should be punished, he felt that democracy should be implemented in germany, replacing old leaders, to prevent war from happening again.
what did david lloyd george want?
he wanted to protect britain, rebuilding britain’s economic prosperity, and maintain the british empire.
what did georges clemenceau want?
he did not want his country to fall in the hands of germany again. out of the big 3, france suffered the greatest losses in population (many deaths). he wanted a harsh treaty for germany.
what were the key terms of the TOV (june 1919)?
- war guilt clause - germany had to accept total blame for starting the war
- reparations - germany had to pay 6.6 billion pounds as reparations to the allies for war damage
- territory changes - germany had to give up territories, losing 10% of their land, 12.5% of their population, and were forbidden to make alliances with austria
- disarmament - their army was limited to 100,000 men, conscription was banned (cannot be mandatory), no armoured vehicles,submarines, or aircraft, and the Rhineland was demilitarized
- LON - germany was banned from LON
