Chapter 1- The Study Of Mental Processes And Behaviour Flashcards
Who originated the psychodynamic perspective ?
Sigmund Freud (1900)
What is are the three key premises of the psychodynamic perspective?
1- Actions are determined by thoughts, feelings and wishes
2- Mental events occur outside conscious awareness
3- Mental processes may conflict with one another
What methods were used in the psychodynamic perspective ?
Case studies
What data was found from case studies in the psychodynamic perspective ?
- slips of the tongue
- verbal disclosure
- dreams/ fantasies
- actions and postures
What constitutes the behaviorist perspective ?
- Focuses on the way objects in the environment come to control behavior through learning.
- behaviorist a reject the concept of the Mind viewing mental events as contents that cannot be known or studied scientifically.
The behaviorist perspective branches into two areas, what are they?
Structuralist - uncovering the element of consciousness through introspection
Psychodynamics- explores through thoughts, feelings and actions
What scientists originated the behaviorist perspective ?
John Watson (1913) B F Skinner (1938)
What is the main premises of the humanistic approach?
Focuses on the uniqueness of an individual and Ones motivation to reach full potential (self- actualisation). People are innately good almost always choosing adaptive, goal directed behaviors.
What methods are used in the humanistic perspective ?
Understanding ones unique frame of reference, being the best one can be; empathetic, person centred approach
What is the main focus of the cognitive perspective ?
Focuses on the was people perceive, process and retrieve information. How memory works and how people solve problems/ make decisions.
What is the main premises of the evolutionary perspective ?
Behavioral tends dies in humans evolved because the helped our ancestors survive and reproduce healthy offspring. Psychological processes reflect evolutionary process of natural selection
Who is the key figure in the evolutionary perspective?
Charles Darwin (1859)
What is psychology ?
The scientific investigation of mental processes ( thinking, remembering and feign ) and behavior and the interaction between them
What are the two prominent schools of though in psychology? Explain.
Structuralism- to uncover the basic elements of consciousness through introspection
Functionalism- explain psychological processes in terms of their role or fiction they serve by helping individuals adapt to their environment
What is the difference between cross-cultural psychology and psychological anthropology?
Cross culture psychology- distinguishes between psychological processes that are universal and culture specific
Psychological anthropology- relationship between culture and Lewis skirt by studying people in their natural setting. Shaped by cultural views.
