Chapter 1: What is Contemporary Clinical Psychology?

Question 1

Clinical Psychology

Answer 1

Focuses on the assessment, treatment, and understanding of psychological and behavioral problems and dsorders. Clinical Psychology focuses its efforts on the ways in which the human psyche interacts with physical, emotional, and social aspects of health and dysfunction

Question 2

APA Definition of Clinical Psychology

Answer 2

Clinical Psychology attempts to use the principles of psychology to better understand, predict, and alleviate intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning

Question 3

Rodnick’s Definition of Clinical Psychology

Answer 3

The aspect of psychological science and practice concerned with the analysis, treatment, and prevention of human psychological disabilities and with the enhancing of personal adjustment and effectiveness

Question 4

Contemporary Clinical Psychology

Answer 4

Uses integrative approaches to understand and address problems in human behavior

Question 5

Biopsychosocial Perspective

Answer 5

An example of the integrative approach; Interplay of relevant biological, psychological, and social factors in human behavior; emphasizes the interaction of biological, psychological, and social influences on behavior and psychological functioning

Question 6

Biopsychosocial Approach

Answer 6

Systematic perspective that changes in one area of functioning will likely impact functioning in other areas; highlights the mutual interdependence of each system on each of the other systems

Question 7

Road to being a Clinical Psychologist

Answer 7

College
Graduate School
Clinical Internship
Postdoctoral fellowship
Licensure
Employment

Question 8

Types of Doctorate Degrees

Answer 8

Phd (Doctor of Philosophy)

PsyD (Doctor of Psychology

Question 9

EPPP

Answer 9

Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology, needed beofre obtaining a license

Question 10

Diplomate

Answer 10

Advanced level of certification; optional post-licensing certification that reflects advanced competency in a subspecialty area of professional practice

Question 11

Activities of Clinical Psychologists

Answer 11

Research
Assessment
Treatment
Teaching
Consultation
Administration

Question 12

Research

Answer 12

At the foundation of all clinical psychology activities; provides the basis and direction for all professional activities

Question 13

Research Progress

Answer 13

Help to determine which assessment or treatment approach might be most effective for a particular clinical problem such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, or substance abuse problems

Question 14

Assessment

Answer 14

Includes cognitive, personality, behavioral, neuropsychological, and observational measures; requires the psychologist to utilize an arsenal of tools in determining subtle and often hidden problems and syndromes in the context of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

Question 15

Treatment

Answer 15

Various treatment approaches and theoretical models are utilized to treat psychological and behavioral problems

Question 16

Eclectic Strategy

Answer 16

Integrating a variety of perspectives and clinical approaches in their treatment

Question 17

Major Theoretical Schools of Thought in Psychology

Answer 17

Psychodynamic
Cognitive Behavioral
Humanistic/Existential
Family Systems

Question 18

Empirically Supported Treatments

Answer 18

Hinge on the notion that psychological treatment approaches should always be based on solid empirical research data and supported by proessional organizations such as the APA; Manualized treatments and have been developed for a variety of clinical problems

Question 19

Teaching

Answer 19

Psychologists can be found in schools teaching students from different levels

Question 20

Consultation

Answer 20

Might involve an informal discussion, a brief report, or a more ongoing and formal consultation arrangement; might also involve helping a physician to better manage patient noncompliance with unpleasant medical procedures; Might include asessment, teaching, research, and brief psychotherapy activities

Question 21

Administration

Answer 21

Psychologists might take on administrative positions; manage budgets, lead multidisciplinary professional and support staff, make hiring and firing decisions, and develop policies and procedures for clinical or research operations

Question 22

Private or Group Practices

Answer 22

May provide clinical services in their own solo practice or in conjunction with other mental health or health care practitioners in a multidisciplinary setting

Question 23

Colleges and Universities

Answer 23

Psychologists generally teach psychology courses, supervise the clinical and/or research work of psychology students, and conduct both independent and collaborative research; provide services to students

Question 24

Hospitals

Answer 24

Conduct psychological testing; provide individual, family or group psychotherapy; act as consultant to other mental health or medical professionals on psychiatric or general medical hospital units; and may serve in administrative roles, such as unit chief, on a psychiatric wards

Question 25

CAPP V. Rank

Answer 25

This decision allowed psychologists to have full admitting, discharge, and treatment privileges at appropriate California hospitals

Question 26

Medical Schools

Answer 26

Clinical Psychologists serve on the faculties of many medical schools acting as clinical faculty,

Question 27

Clinical Faculty

Answer 27

Generally involves several hours per week pro bono time contributed to training medical center trainees

Question 28

Outpatient Clinics

Answer 28

Psychologists provide a range of clinical services to other professionals and organizations; provide parent education classes; conduct research, direct clinical service

Question 29

Business & Industry

Answer 29

Consultation services to management, assessment and brief psychotherapy to employees and conduct research on various psychosocial issues important to company functioning and performance

Question 30

Military

Answer 30

Hold an officer rank as captain; provide direct clinical services or conduct research while others act as administrators in military hospitals and clinics

Question 31

Other locations

Answer 31

Police Departments, prisons, juvenile hall and detention centers, rehabilitation centers for disabled children and/or adults, substance abuse and/or mental illness halfway houses, battered women’s shelters, schools, and many other work enironments

Question 32

Subspecialties

Answer 32

Child Clinical Psychology
Clinical Health Psychology
Clinical Neuropsychology
Forensic Psychology
Geropsychology

Question 33

Child Clinical Psychology

Answer 33

Specialize in working with children and families; child and family focus in clinical training; have in-depth training in general psychologists, in-depth training in developmental psychology and child assessment and treatment; Pediatric psychologists work with children and families in hospital settings where the child has a significant mental disorder, pain management strategies to a child while helping the family cope more effectively with and locate community resources

Question 34

Clinical Health Psychology

Answer 34

The aggregate of the specific educational, scientific, and professional contributions of the discipline of psychology to the promotion and maintenance of health, the prevention and treatment of illness, the identification of etiologic and related dysfunction, and to the analysis and improvement of the health care system and health policy formation (Matrarazzo); specialize in health-related problems and interventions; utilized specialized techniques such as biofeedback, hypnosis, relaxation training, and self-management strategies in addition to general psychotherapy in the course of the overall treatment process

Question 35

Clinical Neuropsychology

Answer 35

Focuses on brain-behavior relationships; defined as how brain functioning impacts behavior and behavioral problems; Assess brain and behavioral functioning and offer strategies for patients suffering from brain impairment due to problems such as dementia, head injuries, tumors, autism, stroke, AIDS, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, and other problems that result in cognitive and neurological dysfuction

Question 36

Forensic Psychology

Answer 36

Defined as the application of psychology to legal issues; Use principles of human behavior in the judicial and legal systems; trained as clinical or counseling psychologists with a specialty in forensic work

Question 37

Geropsychology

Answer 37

Provides a range of range of psychological services to elderly members of society;

Question 38

Organizations

Answer 38

Americal Psychological Association (APA)
American Psychological Society (APS)
American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP)
Other Organizations

Question 39

American Psychological Association (APA)

Answer 39

Members regard themselves as academically and scientifically focused felt that the APA no longer adequately represented their interest;

Question 40

American Psychological Society (APS)

Answer 40

Academically and scientifically focused members

Question 41

American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP)

Answer 41

Agency that certifies psychologists in several specialty areas; ABPP Diploma considered an advanced level of accomplishment beyond a state license to practice as a psychologist

Question 42

Counseling Psychologists (PhD)

Answer 42

Similar to clinical psychologists in actual practice; differences in philosophy, training emphases, and curriculum between clinical and counseling graduate programs
Major in Psychology as undergraduates and attent a four-year graduate training program, complete a one-year clinical internship, and complete postdoctoral training prior to obtaining their license as a psychologist

Question 43

School Psychologists (MA or PhD)

Answer 43

Typically work in elementary, secondary, or special education schools providing cognitive testing, brief counseling, and consultation to school teachers, administrators, parents, and students; provide tutoring help; provide guidance to children and families concerning psychological concerns

Question 44

Psychiatry (MD)

Answer 44

Physicians who earn a medical degree (MD) and complete residency training in psychology; Focus on medication management and other medical approaches to psychiatric disorders; Use medical training to diagnose and treat a wide spectrum of mental illnesses; can prescribe medication, treat physical illnesses, and may utilize other biological interventions;

Question 45

Social Work (MSW)

Answer 45

Receive training in psychotherapy and psychiatric diagnoses during their year or years of supervised clinical experience; shorter length of grauate training; training tends to highlight social factors such as poverty, crime, racism, and oppression that influence individual, group, and organizational behavior as well as emphasizing advocacy for the rights of others

Question 46

Psychiatric Nursing (RN)

Answer 46

Have specialty training in psychiatric illnesses and treatment; provide psychotherapy to individuals, families, and groups as well as assisting in medical management of psychotropic medications

Question 47

Marriage and Family Therapists (MFT)

Answer 47

Treat adults in individual therapy

Question 48

Contemporary Clinical Psychology

Answer 48

The assessment, treatment, and study of human behavior in the context of biological, pschological, and social factors; integration and awareness of individual differences such as culture, ethnicity, and gender are part and parcel of the state of this art and science

Question 49

Goals and Activities of Clinical Psychology

Answer 49

To use the principles of psychology and our understanding of human behavior to promote health, happiness, and quality of life