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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

The musculoskeletal system includes

A

bones, muscles, joints and related structures such as the tendons and connective tissue that function in the support of movement of body parts.

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2
Q

Place of union between two or more bones, also called a joint

A

Articulation

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3
Q

poeisis: development, hemat/o: blood. Production of blood cells, performed by the bone marrow.

A

Hematopoiesis

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4
Q

connective tissue that (connects bone to bone.)

A

Ligaments

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5
Q

connective tissue that binds (muscle to bone.) As muscle contracts by the tendon, the bone joint provides movement.

A

Tendons

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6
Q

three types of muscles

A

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

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7
Q

attached to bones and provide movement. These are voluntary and contract/relax with conscious thought.

A

Skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Asist in internal processes like digestion, circulation and urination. They are visceral muscles and are involuntary. Examples include the GI and GU tracts

A

Smooth muscle

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9
Q

only in the heart wall, as it forms the myocardium. Produces rhythmic involuntary contractions like smooth muscle

A

Cardiac muscle

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10
Q

Bones

A

provides a framework to support and protect the body, point of attachment with muscles, held close together at the joint by ligaments, which are flexible bands of fibrous tissue, store calcium and other minerals

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11
Q

hematopoiesis

A

Produce blood cells within bone marrow

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12
Q

4 types of bones

A

short, irregular, flat and long

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13
Q

Diaphysis

A

long, main portion of the bone, also known as the “shaft”

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14
Q

Distal and proximal epiphysis

A

the two ends of the bone

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15
Q

CF cranium

A

crani/o

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16
Q

CF femur

A

femor/o

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17
Q

CF patella

A

patell/o

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18
Q

CF tibia

A

tibi/o

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19
Q

CF carpals

A

carp/o

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20
Q

CF pelvis

A

pelv/o, pelv/i

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21
Q

CF maxilla

A

maxill/o

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22
Q

CF scapula

A

scapul/o

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23
Q

CF vertebra

A

vertebr/o

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24
Q

CF sternum

A

stern/o

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25
Q

CF ribs

A

cost/o

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26
Q

CF radius

A

radi/o

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27
Q

CF fibula

A

fibul/o

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28
Q

CF tarsals

A

tars/o

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29
Q

CF phalanges

A

phalang/o

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30
Q

Deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe
Commonly caused by ill-fitting shoes

A

Bunion (hallux valgus)

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31
Q

Bunion sign/symptom

A

Tissues surrounding the joint become red, swollen, and tender
Corn or callus may develop where the first and second toe overlap
Limited movement of big toe

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32
Q

Bunion treatment

A

Nonsurgical- Wear wide-toed shoes, Antiinflammatory medications, Shoe inserts, Padding, taping, and splinting.
Surgical- Bunionectomy to remove tissue and realign the bones

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33
Q

Ganglion Cyst

A

Fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons

Commonly occurring in the wrist, hand, or foot

34
Q

Ganglion Cyst sign/symptom

A 
May or may not be painful
Bone spur (osteophyte) common in cysts at the far joint of the finger
35
Q

Ganglion Cyst treatment

A

May resolve spontaneously
Corticosteroids
Needle aspiration of fluid from the ganglion
Gangliectomy to remove the ganglion

36
Q

to drain the fluid from the ganglion.

A

needle aspiration of the ganglion cyst

37
Q

Bone spur at joint of finger

A

Osteophyte

38
Q

Fracture

A

break or crack in bone

39
Q

break with no external skin wound

A

Closed (simple)

40
Q

break with external wound that leads to the fracture site and a piece of bone protruding through the skin

A

Open (compound)

41
Q

broken bone injures an internal organ, such as the lung

A

Complicated

42
Q

bone broken or splintered into pieces

A

Comminuted

43
Q

end of broken bone wedged into the interior of another bone

A

Impacted

44
Q

fracture line does not include the whole bone

A

Incomplete

45
Q

break in which bone is partially bent and split, which occurs most commonly in children, especially in those who have rickets, or adults with soft bones

A

Greenstick

46
Q

stiff, bent, crooked

A

ankyl

47
Q

break in lower end of radius, which commonly occurs when the wrist is extended to break a fall

A

Colles

48
Q

Fracture sign/symptom

A

pain, swelling, bruising.. specific signs- trauma, crushing, pathological, cancer, osteoporosis

49
Q

Fracture treatment

A

closed and open reduction, analgesics or muscle relaxants, or there is no treatments

50
Q

Closed reduction

A

manipulating the bones through the skin, followed by immobilization or fixation using casts, slings, and taping

51
Q

Open reduction

A

realignment through a surgical opening, followed by internal or external immobilization or fixation using wires, plates, rods, screws, and pins

52
Q

immobilize and align the bones of her hip at the site of the fracture by inserting pins and screws.

A

internal fixation

53
Q

Protrusion, or herniation, of the nucleus pulposus (gelatinous material at the center of the intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae

A

Herniated (prolapsed) Disk

54
Q

Herniated Disk Signs & Symptoms

A

Severe back pain that worsens with motion
Paresthesia and restricted mobility of the neck (with cervical disk herniation)
Intensifying pain with coughing, sneezing, or bending
Dull ache progressing to severe pain with lumbar sciatic involvement

55
Q

Herniated Disk Treatment

A

Alternating application of heat and cold to the affected portion of the spine
Muscle relaxants, salicylates, and analgesics
Traction of lower extremities and a back brace
Laminectomy possibly required if conservative treatment is unsuccessful
Spinal fusion possibly necessary to stabilize the spine

56
Q

sensation of numbness and a burning feeling in his right foot

A

paresthesia

57
Q

pain radiating from his lower back and down his left leg. The physician suspects an inflammation of the major leg nerve

A

sciatica

58
Q

Treatment for a herniated disk involves relief of pain and pressure, treating muscle spasms, and the use of weights and pulleys to immobilize the site and facilitate healing

A

traction

59
Q

Chronic, progressive, systemic inflammatory disease

Affects the synovial membranes of joints

Possibly cartilage destruction, bone erosion, and joint deformityFibrous immobility of joints, or ankylosis, resulting in visible deformities and total immobility as the disease progresses

Most common in women between ages 23 and 35 but may affect people in any age group

Atrophy of muscles, bones, and skin adjacent to the affected joint

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

60
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis Signs and Symptoms

A

Joint pain and stiffness

Crippling deformities

61
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

A

Primary objective to reduce inflammation and pain, preserve joint function, and prevent joint deformity

NSAIDs, physical therapy, and orthopedic measures for less severe cases

Surgery to reduce pain and improve mobility

62
Q

Acute or chronic infection of the bone-forming tissue
Disease progression (see illustration)
Beginning infection (A)
Blocked blood flow in the area of infection (B)
Death of bone at infection site (C), with continued pus formation

A

Osteomyelitis

63
Q

Osteomyelitis Signs and Symptoms

A 
Acute 
Fever
Local signs of inflammation (such as tenderness, redness, heat, pain, and swelling)
Chronic 
Ulceration
Drainage
Localized pain
64
Q

Osteomyelitis Treatment

A

Long-term antibiotic therapy
Surgical drainage to remove pus and necrotic bone tissue
Tissue and bone grafts if necessary to restore blood flow to the site

65
Q

infected bone tissue that has become necrotic, resulting in a bone abscess. The physician diagnoses this infection of the bone and bone marrow as

A

osteomyelitis

66
Q

Systemic connective tissue disorder
Chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism
More common in middle-aged and older men

A

Gout

67
Q

Gout Signs and Symptoms

A

One or more severely inflamed joints as a result of buildup of uric acid crystals
Swollen joint that is hot and usually painful to the touch
Typically occurring in small joints
Commonly occurring in the joint of the great toe

68
Q

Gout Treatment

A

Treatment
Drug therapy (first-line treatment)
NSAIDs to reduce inflammatory response to urate crystals
Medications taken until joint inflammation subsides
Applications of heat or cold with analgesics
Control of uric acid formation with low-purine diet

69
Q

group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of muscles, leading to increased weakness and debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form)

A

muscular dystrophy

70
Q

localized tissue death that occurs in groups of cells in response to disease or injury

A

necrosis

71
Q

forward slipping of one vertebra onto the one below it with predisposing factors that include spondylosis, degeneration, and birth defects in the spine, such as spina bifida

A

spondylolisthesis

72
Q

abnormal bone-density loss with increased porosity, causing brittle bones and increased risk of fracture and occurring most commonly in postmenopausal women or sedentary or immobilized persons

A

osteoporosis

73
Q

deformity of the foot and ankle (usually congenital), in which the foot is twisted and relatively fixed in an abnormal position

A

talipes

74
Q

Replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened to the bone (see illustration)

A

Total hip arthroplasty

75
Q

Partial or complete removal of an extremity as a result of trauma or circulatory disease

A

Amputation

76
Q

Puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid

A

Arthrocentesis

77
Q

Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra

A

Laminectomy

78
Q

Visual examination of the interior of a joint
Insertion of an endoscope through a small incision
Allows repair and removal of joint tissue

A

Arthroscopy

79
Q

Radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium
Used to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions

A

Myelography

80
Q

Blood test used to detect the presence of rheumatoid factor, an antibody present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Rheumatoid factor

81
Q

Pharmacology

A 
Bone reabsorption inhibitors
Gold salts
NSAIDs
Salicylates
Skeletal muscle relaxants
82
Q

morning pain and stiffness in her joints caused by arthritis.. prescribes

A

salicylate

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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