chapter 10

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

is the ability to acquire knowledge, to think and reason effectively and to deal adaptively with the environment

Question 2

Galton

Answer 2

• People had inherited mental constitutions that made them more fit for thinking than their less successful counter parts
• Relationship between biological variables and intelligence
• Skull size had a positive relationship with intelligence

Question 3

Binet

Answer 3

• Mental test
• Mental abilities developed with age
• The rate at which people gain mental competence is a characteristic of the person and is fairly consistent over time
• Mental age- developed a standardised test in which the children will be interviewed and be given a mental age

Question 4

Sterns intelligent quotient (IQ

Answer 4

was the ratio of mental age to chronological age, multiplied by 100: IQ = (mental age/chronological age) x 100

Question 5

Terman

Answer 5

• Revised test became known as the Stanford – binet test

- Yields to a single IQ score

Question 6

Eugentics

Answer 6

the idea that children with a lower IQ are less intelligent

Question 7

Weschler

Answer 7

developed a test that measured verbal and non verbal intelligence

• WISC
• WAIS
• WPPSI

Question 8

Psychometric

Answer 8

is the statistical study of psychological tests. Tries to find individual differences in performance

Question 9

Factor analysis

Answer 9

reduces a large number of measures to a smaller number of clusters or factors with each cluster containing variables that correlate highly with one another but less highly with variables in other clusters

Question 10

G factor:

Answer 10

Spearmen

• General intelligence
• Can be related to job performance and success

Question 11

Crystallised intelligence:

Answer 11

Cattel and Horn

• Is the ability to apply previously acquired knowledge to current problems
• Depends on the ability to deal with novel problem-solving situations for which personal experience does not provide a solution
• Dependant on the long term memory

Question 12

Fluid intelligence:

Answer 12

Cattel and Horn

• Defined as the ability to deal with novel problem social situations for which personal experience does not provide a solution
• Involves inductive reasoning and creative problem solving
• Dependant on the working memory

Question 13

Carrolls three stratum model

Answer 13

stratum 3:
- is a g factor
- underlie the most mental activity
stratum 2:
- eight broad intellectual factors from left to right depending on how much they are influenced by the g factor
- involves basic cognitive functions such as memory and learning
stratum 1:
- involves 70 highly specific cognitive abilities that feed into the broader stratum 2 factors

Question 14

cognitive process approaches:

Answer 14

• explore the specific information processing and cognitive processes that underlie intellectual ability

Question 15

Sternberg

Answer 15

triachic theory of intelligence:
- addresses both the psychological processes involved in intelligent behaviour and the diverse forms that intelligence can take

Question 16

Metacomponents:

Answer 16

• are the higher order processes used to plan and regulate task performance
• fundamental sources of individual differences in fluid intelligence

Question 17

performance components:

Answer 17

• are the actual mental processes used to perform that task
• perceptual processing
• retrieving appropriate memories and schemas from long term memory and generating responses
• knowledge acquisition devices: allow us to learn from our experiences store information in memory and combine new insights with previously acquired information

Question 18

three different classes of adaptive problem solving

Answer 18

1- analytical intelligence
2- practical intelligence
3- creative intelligence

Question 19

personal intelligence:

Answer 19

Mayer

the ability to understand who one is and who one wants to be

Question 20

Mayer suggests that personal intelligence involves four key abilities:

Answer 20

1- the ability to proves and reason about personally relevant information through introspection
2- the ability to incorporate the information gained through introspection and obsecration into accurate self knowledge of your traits
3- the ability to use personally relevant knowledge to guide your choices
4- the ability to select goals that are consistent with one another and that are realistic given your talents and resources

Question 21

emotional intelligence

Answer 21

involves the abilities to read others emotions accurately to respond to them appropriately to motivate ones self to be aware of ones emotions and to regulate and control ones emotional responses

Question 22

four components: Mayer-salovey-caurso intelligence test

Answer 22

1- perceiving emotions
2- using emotions to facilitate thought
3- understanding emotions
4- managing emotions

Question 23

Four index scales

Answer 23

verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory and processing speed

Question 24

Achievement test

Answer 24

designed to find out how much they have learnt in their lives

Question 25

Aptitude test

Answer 25

containing novel puzzle like problems that presumably go beyond prior learning and are thought to measure applicant’s potential for future learning performance

Question 26

Psychological test:

Answer 26

is a method for measuring individual differences related to some psychological concept or construct based ona sample of relevant behaviour in a scientifically designed and controlled situation. Reliability, validity and standardisation are imperil to all psychological testing.

Question 27

Reliability:

Answer 27

• Refers to the consistency of the measurement

Question 28

Test retest reliability:

Answer 28

• Which is assessed by administrating the measure of the same group of participants on two o more spate occasions and correlating the two or more set of scores
• Internal consistency: has to do with consistency of measurement within the test itself
• Interjudge reliability: refers to the consistency of measurement when different people observe the same event or score the same test

Question 29

Validity

Answer 29

• Refers to how well the test actually measures what it is supposed to measure

Question 30

Construct validity

Answer 30

exists when the test measures the psychological construct it Is designed to measure as indicated by relations between test scores and other behaviours that it should be related to

Question 31

Content validity

Answer 31

• refers to whether the items on a test measure all the knowledge or skill that are assumed to underlie the construct of interest

Question 32

Criterion related validity

Answer 32

• refers to the ability of test scores to correlate with meaningful criterion measures

Question 33

Standardisation:

Answer 33

Two meanings:
1- The development of norms
2- Rigously controlled testing procedures

Question 34

Norms:

Answer 34

test scores derived from a large sample that represents particular age segments of the population

Question 35

Flynn effect:

Answer 35

suggests that much of the worlds population is scoring progressively higher on intelligence tests

Question 36

Static conditions:

Answer 36

• Goal is to make sure that all testees are responding to as similar stimulus situation as possible so that their scores will be solely a reflection on their ability

Question 37

Dynamic testing:

Answer 37

• The standard testing is followed up with an interaction in which the examiner give the respondent guided feedback on how to improve performance and observers how the person utilises the information