Chapter 10 and final review Flashcards

0
Q

How many new states were admitted in 1812-1821?

A

6 new state

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1
Q

Following the war of 1812, the Americans had a sense of what?

A

nationalism

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2
Q

who advocated the American system to congress?

A

Henry clay

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3
Q

What are the three parts of the American system?

A

Protective tariffs
Renewal of the national bank
Internal improvements

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4
Q

what is a Tax on imported goods common to most countries?

A

A tariff

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5
Q

what is an unusually high tariff?

A

A protective tariff

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6
Q

What was The purpose of the protective tariff?

A

to protect the nation’s manufacturers from foreign competition

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7
Q

Why are protective tariffs not popular in the south?

A

In general, the south opposed them because they received very little benefit from them.
They were harmed by it.
South is agricultural meaning they produced raw goods like crops and things that were grown and that meant the protective tariff didn’t protect what they produced. (It didn’t help the agriculture)
They are paying higher prices

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8
Q

what was The first protectionist legislation in America?

A

The tariff of 1816

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9
Q

Charter on first national bank expired when?

A

in 1811

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10
Q

who was given 20-year charter in 1816?

A

Second bank of the United States

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11
Q

The Internal improvements were what?

A

finding for roads, canals, harbors

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12
Q

Was The internal improvements idea very successful politically?

A

No

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13
Q

What was the Least successful aspect of the American system?

A

Internal improvements

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14
Q

What were The problems with internal improvements?

A

There were constitutional questions
States believed it was the responsibility of each state to build or maintain roads and canals
(They thought Why should taxes of one state go to the improvements of another?)

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15
Q

National road began in _____ and was built _____

A

In Baltimore and was built westward

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16
Q

What was Considered as a depression?

A

The panic of 1819

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17
Q

The panic of 1819 Brought an end to what?

A

the postwar prosperity to “era of good feelings”

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18
Q

What were the Main causes of the panic of 1819?

A

Collapse of cotton prices

Irresponsible action on the part of state and national banks

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19
Q

Who benefits from cotton?

A

South

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20
Q

the collapse of cotton was because of what?

A

protective tariff

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21
Q

What was the Missouri compromise? (essay question)

A

Missouri applied in 1818 for statehood, and Missouri applied to enter as a slave state
At this time when applying for statehood, there are 11 free and 11 slave states, not counting Missouri
Question of Political balance rises
The south had already lost control of the House of Representatives to the north
South wants to add Missouri to the slave state so they can have the majority, but the North doesn’t want to add Missouri as a slave states
In summer of 1819, Maine applied for statehood
Henry clay, speaker of the house, proposes the Missouri compromise. In 1820, Missouri compromise was put in place
The compromise: Maine would be admitted as a free state, Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, in the rest of the Louisiana territory slavery would not be permitted north of Missouri’s southern boundary (36*30’)

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22
Q

Extension of voting rights was to who?

A

all adult white males

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23
Q

They had a Greater voice in what?

A

presidential elections

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24
Q

There was a Fracturing of _______ as the strong two-party system emerges

A

one-party system

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25
Q

What is a caucus?

A

A caucus is a close meeting of party leaders

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26
Q

In 1824, who ran for presidency?

A

John Quincy Adams, William h. Crawford, Henry clay, and Andrew Jackson

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27
Q

All of these people in the elections were at least in name what?

A

republicans

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28
Q

In the election, no candidate received majority of what?

A

electoral votes

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29
Q

By rule according to twelfth amendment, the election was decided by who?

A

House of Representatives

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30
Q

who had the most electoral votes?

A

Jackson

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31
Q

who was the second in the election in 1824?

A

Adams

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32
Q

Who was last in the voting?

A

Henry clay

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33
Q

The election goes to the house and they choose who as president?

A

john Quincy Adams

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34
Q

Adams wins the election even though what?

A

he had fewer popular votes than Jackson

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35
Q

After the election, Adams appoints who as Secretary of State?

A

Henry clay

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36
Q

who was outraged because of Adams becoming president?

A

Jackson and his supporters

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37
Q

When Jackson was outraged because of Adam’s presidency, it was called what?

A

“corrupt bargain”

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38
Q

who and his followers had a Strong nationalist emphasis?

A

John Quincy Adams

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39
Q

John Quincy Adams and his followers believed what three things?

A

Believed in American system
Believed in higher tariffs
Believed in federal funding for education and arts

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40
Q

John Quincy Adams and his party were first Known by what name?

A

national republicans

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41
Q

John Quincy Adams and his followers were known officially by what name?

A

Democratic Party

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42
Q

In 1828, there was Rematch between who?

A

john Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson

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43
Q

Jackson’s nickname was what?

A

Old hickory

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44
Q

Who was known as a friend to common man?

A

Andrew Jackson

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45
Q

In 1828, Jackson’s running mate was who?

A

john c Calhoun

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46
Q

Who won the rematch of 1828?

A

Jackson wins the election easily

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47
Q

what party Claims to be the party of the common man and is still in existence today?

A

Democratic Party

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48
Q

Andrew Jackson used what system?

A

the spoils system

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49
Q

What was The spoils system?

A

The replacement of government office holders with supporters of the new administration

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50
Q

Jackson gives high positions to who in the spoils system?

A

people that help him out

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51
Q

The spoils system comes more _____ in later years

A

widespread

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52
Q

Who Had a “kitchen cabinet”?

A

Andrew Jackson

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53
Q

What was Andrew jackson’s kitchen cabinet?

A

Close circle of friends who were his informal advisors

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54
Q

There was Conflict between what two people?

A

van buren and Calhoun

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55
Q

who was Jackson’s Secretary of State?

A

Van buren

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56
Q

Congress passed what tariff?

A

a “tariff of abominations”

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57
Q

The “tariff of abomination” was a ____ tariff

A

protective

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58
Q

The tariff of abomination was so high it had rated up to how much?

A

50% on imported items

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59
Q

What tariff was hated by southerners?

A

“Tariff of abomination”

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60
Q

Who declared the “tariff of abomination” unconstitutional?

A

Some southern states declared it unconstitutional

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61
Q

who anonymously proposed the doctrine of nullification?

A

Calhoun

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62
Q

The doctrine of nullification said what?

A

that States could nullify or reject acts of congress that they deemed constitutional

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63
Q

Nullification was believed to be what?

A

middle ground between submission and secession

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64
Q

In what year did a new revised tariff bill became law

A

1832

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65
Q

who nullifies both 1828 and 1832 tariffs?

A

South Carolina

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66
Q

Calhoun resigns and becomes what?

A

South Carolina senator

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67
Q

Force bill gave the president what?

A

war power against South Carolina

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68
Q

Henry Clay secures what?

A

passage of the compromise tariff of 1833

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69
Q

The reduction was ___ but ____

And who agrees to this?

A

drastic but gradual

South Carolina

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70
Q

The national bank in 1832, reapplies for what?

A

it’s charter

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71
Q

who disliked the bank of United States?

A

Jackson

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72
Q

Bank submitted renewal for its charter to congress in what year?

A

1832

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73
Q

The charter bill passes congress easily, but Jackson does what?

A

vetoes it

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74
Q

In election of 1832, a third party known as what formed?

A

anti-Masonic

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75
Q

What is a third party?

A

A third party is competition against major political parties

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76
Q

What are the Things anti-Masonic used first?

A
  1. Emergence of a party platform

2. National convention

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77
Q

What is a party platform?

A

A party platform is a Written statement that describes where a party stands in various issues

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78
Q

What is the national convention?

A

The national convention was A place where state delegates gathered to nominate the presidential and vice presidential candidates

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79
Q

Jackson wins election of 1832 and who is the new Vice President?

A

van buren

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80
Q

After the election, Jackson instructs what?

A

that all federal deposits should be moved to state banks

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81
Q

Jackson has “_______”

A

Pet banks

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82
Q

What was a “Pet banks”?

A

a bank system that Jackson set up to replace the national bank

83
Q

Jackson’s actions damaged what?

A

the economy

84
Q

Who passes the Specie circular of 1836?

A

Jackson

85
Q

What was the Specie circular of 1836?

A

prohibited the use of anything except gold or silver coin for the purchase of public land

86
Q

What collapsed after the Specie circular of 1836?

A

Speculative

87
Q

What was the Indian removal policy?

A

This was an idea that the U.S. Had to take the Indians in the east and move them west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rockies (basically west) because they weren’t interested in western expansion YET

88
Q

The Indian removal policy leads to what?

A

violence with the Indians

89
Q

What are Examples of the acts of violence with Indians?

A

The black hawk war

The seminal war

90
Q

Who was The leader of the seminal war?

A

Osceola

91
Q

Why did the seminal war happen?

A

It Happened because Indians were resisting to move west

92
Q

Most seminals were rounded up and moved where?

A

west

93
Q

During the seminal war, Some seminals held out out and stayed where?

A

Florida

94
Q

What Indians were Part of the five civilized tribes?

A

Cherokees

95
Q

The Cherokees Adopted many features of who?

A

the white civilization

96
Q

What were The features the Cherokees adopted?

A

Built communities with roads and schools

Developed prosperous European farms

97
Q

One Cherokee names sequoyah developed what?

A

a written Cherokee alphabet

98
Q

What Indians were civilized?

A

Cherokees

99
Q

The Cherokees Went to ___ not ____, But they lost what?

A

court not war

their court battle

100
Q

What was The forced movement of the Cherokee west to basically what is today Oklahoma called?

A

The trail of tears

101
Q

What was The reason behind the name of the trail of tears?

A

there were many deaths among the way

102
Q

Anti-Jackson forces formed what party?

A

the Whig party

103
Q

The Whig party Received it’s name from what?

A

a British party had the name which was against royal tyranny

104
Q

The Whig party was a _____ party

A

Was a nationalist party

105
Q

In the Election of 1836, Democrats nominated who?

A

Martin van buren

106
Q

In the election of 1836, The Whigs run what?

A

several sectional candidates

107
Q

Van buren wins a narrow victory with whose support?

A

Jackson’s

108
Q

what was van buren’s nickname?

A

Little magician

109
Q

In 1837, The country goes into what?

A

the panic of 1837

110
Q

The panic of 1837 was what?

A

An economic collapse and a five year depression

111
Q

Who got much of the blame for the panic of 1837?

A

Van buren got much of the blame

112
Q

What was the solution for the panic of 1837?

A

buren proposes a independent treasury to replace the state banks as the federal depository

113
Q

In the election of 1840, Democrats nominate who?

A

van buren

114
Q

In the election of 1840, the Whigs nominate who as president and Vice President?

A

William Henry Harrison and his running mate john Tyler as Vice President

115
Q

What was the Main theme of the 1840 election for the Whigs?

A

the log cabin theme

116
Q

What was a slogan for the election of 1840?

A

“Tippecanoe and Tyler two” -slogan

117
Q

Who wins election of 1840?

A

Harrison wins in a landslide

118
Q

who was 68 years old and the oldest president that time?

A

William Henry Harrison

119
Q

William Henry Harrison Died how long after taking office?

A

one month

120
Q

Who succeeds William Henry Harrison as president?

A

John Tyler

121
Q

Who becomes the youngest president up to that day?

A

John Tyler

122
Q

what was the Newburgh conspiracy?

A

They didn’t have enough to pay for the salaries and pensions of soldiers and retired officers
In response, officers get together and try to make congress give them back pay
Their idea was to establish new government under king or dictator
George Washington had a chance to be a dictator, but he said no and called a meeting to calm them down

123
Q

what was the Land ordinance of 1785?

A

Has more to do with Settlement
Separate lands into townships
Townships available for sale and development
Each township contained 36 sections or lots
Each section was one square mile
Each lot was sold to a dollar an acre came out to about 640 dollars
Provide for schools
Money from Lot 16 of each township was to go towards building and maintaining schools in that area

124
Q

what was the Articles of Confederation?

A

the first document to unite the colonies under one government

125
Q

what is the preamble to the constitution?

A

Preamble: intro to constitution

126
Q

what was the original purpose of the constitutional convention?

A

to remedy the weakness of the articles of confederation

127
Q

who was “cato”?

A

George Clinton- New York governor

“Cato”-pseudonym he wrote under

128
Q

the treaty of paris was official recognition of America’s _______

A

independence

129
Q

the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 expresses the importance of what?

A

Expressed importance of education

130
Q

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 prohibited what?

A

Prohibited slavery

131
Q

What was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 regarding government and statehood?

A

Government
3-5 states
Contains stages for statehood

132
Q

what was the purpose of the Annapolis Convention?

A

Annapolis convention was held to settle trade disputes with 5/13 states and it fails

133
Q

what is federalism?

A

Division of power between national and state levels

134
Q

what was Shay’s Rebellion?

A

Issue of farmers wanting to protect their lands from Creditors
Many farmers who could not pay back the loans, would be put in jail

135
Q

What ordinance was proposed by Thomas Jefferson?

A

What was the Ordinance of 1787

136
Q

In the Ordinance of 1787, Jefferson Proposed making what?

A

ten states out of northwest territory

137
Q

In Ordinance of 1787, Each state would come into union equal as what?

A

other states

138
Q

In Ordinance of 1787, there was a Ban on what?

A

slavery in that region

139
Q

Regarding the Ordinance of 1787, what would they Do With the land, and did the plan go into effect?

A

Land would be given to settlers rather than selling it

Plan never went into affect

140
Q

what were the federalist papers?

A

Federalist papers were written under publius

Explained and forcefully defending constitutional provisions of power.

141
Q

who was the first secretary of treasury?

A

Alexander Hamilton

142
Q

who was America’s second president?

A

John Adams

143
Q

who established the nation’s first cabinet?

A

George Washington

144
Q

who introduced the amendments that became the Bill of Rights?

A

James Madison

145
Q

who was the first head of the department of state?

A

Thomas Jefferson

146
Q

who was America’s best-known frontiersman?

A

Daniel Boone

147
Q

what act ensured that the Federalists would have a lasting influence on the judiciary?

A

judiciary act of 1801

148
Q

what political party strongly supported industry and commerce?

A

federalists

149
Q

list the original departments of the executive branch?

A

Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of treasury: Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of war: Henry Knox
Attorney general: Edmund Randolph

150
Q

the Alien Acts granted what powers to the president?

A

gave the president power to expel or imprison immigrants

151
Q

When France went to war with Britain it was what?

A

the first foreign crisis the U.S. Has faced

152
Q

Crisis is complicated by a treaty that the U.S. Has with France, what was that treaty?

A

treaty of alliance of 1778

153
Q

What did the Treaty of alliance of 1778 say?

A

It said that America was obligated to help France in a time of war

154
Q

why did the United States break the Treaty of Alliance with France?

A

The U.S decided that the treaty was made with the government and a king that had been destroyed by French Revolution

155
Q

what agreement was made with the South in order to get them to agree to the federal assumption of state debts?

A

Establishing a national permanent capital in the south on the banks of the Potomac

156
Q

what did congress accomplish during their first session?

A

The first congress drafted the bill of rights, organized the executive (president and cabinet) and judicial (establishing Supreme Court) branches

157
Q

what were the main objectives of the first national bank?

A

(1) to issue a uniformed currency (2) to provide a source for business loans

158
Q

In 1793, the British started to attack American cargo ships, what treaty came with This?

A

Jay’s treaty

159
Q

What was the Key components of the jay’s treaty?

A

(1) Britain agreed to uphold their end of the treaty of Paris by removing troops of the US territory, and (2) they agreed to pay compensation of all the raids they carried out against American ships

160
Q

The jay’s treaty was Perceived as favorable to who?

A

British

161
Q

The jay’s treaty was Narrowly ratified by who?

A

senate (it barely passed)

162
Q

The jays treaty was Not well liked by who?

A

the American public

163
Q

What was the jay’ treaty Accomplishment?

A

it averted war with Britain

164
Q

what is the Bill of Rights?

A

First ten amendment to the constitution

Specifically intended to restrict power of national government

165
Q

what issue first opened the debate over constitutional interpretation?

A

the issue of a national bank

166
Q

who came up with the Virginia resolution, and what did it say about the states and secession?

A

James madison and it Suggested that states have a right to secede (leave) when the federal government acted unconstitutionally

167
Q

the whiskey rebellion Deals with what?

A

whiskey tax

168
Q

During the whiskey rebellion, Hamilton proposed helping to pay for governments debt by doing what?

A

residing revenue by the taxation of liquor

169
Q

who hated the tax during the whiskey rebellion and refused to pay it?

A

The farmers

170
Q

The whiskey rebellion is the first time the new government imposed what?

A

an internal tax on the country

171
Q

During the whiskey rebellion, Many upset farmers mostly in western Pennsylvania let their unhappiness on the tax turn into what?

A

violence towards the government

172
Q

During the whiskey rebellion, President Washington calls up 13,000 troops and they basically do what?

A

crush the whiskey rebellion

173
Q

What was the Significance of the whiskey rebellion?

A

showed that if people wanted to rise up, the government was going to act and the government was strong enough to overpower it

174
Q

what powers were granted to the president by the sedition act?

A

It gave the president the power to prohibit treasonous speech

175
Q

the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions advocated nullification, which is what?

A

States can nullify government acts that the states considered unconstitutional

176
Q

Who was a revolutionary in Latin America?

A

Simon Bolivar

177
Q

who was the war hawk from Kentucky that became speaker of the house?

A

Henry Clay

178
Q

which two men explored thee Louisiana territory?

A

Lewis and Clark

179
Q

who was the Vice President accused of treason?

A

Aaron burr

180
Q

what major victory did Andrew jackson achieve while fighting the indians?

A

battle of horseshoe bend

181
Q

whose hard line methods helped win florida from Spain? what was his position in the government?

A

john quincy adams who was Secretary of State

182
Q

who was the captain who used resourcefulness to defeat the british fleet at the battle of Lake Erie?

A

Oliver Hazard Perry

183
Q

who won a major battle in Ohio against the Indians?

A

mad “Anthony” wayne

184
Q

what did francis Scott key write?

A

the national anthem “star spangled banner”

185
Q

what was the “revolution of 1800” and why was it called this?

A

Jefferson’s time in office
He called it this because: It was a time of victory for the republicans, it signaled a shift from the federalist era to a republican era

186
Q

what was the U.S.S. Constitution’s nickname? and how did it get its nickname?

A

“Old Ironside”

The reason of the name: The ship was known in many battles to have British cannon balls bouncing off the oak side of the ship

187
Q

what battle was a Major defeat for the British?

A

battle of New Orleans

188
Q

the battle of New Orleans was the Most stunning _____ victory of the war of 1812

A

american victory

189
Q

when was the battle of New Orleans actually fought?

A

Actually fought after the war was over

Battle was during the 1815

190
Q

what did the rush-Bagot treaty establish?

A

The Rush-Bagot treaty established a permanently disarmed region on Americas northern order

191
Q

Pirates in Barbary states raided and captured what?

A

American shipping and captured the unarmed Merchant ships and enslaved their crew and charged a ransom for the crew

192
Q

regarding pirates in barbary states, who refused to pay ransom and sent in the marines?

A

thomas jefferson

193
Q

what was the significance of the barbary attacks?

A

Significance: First foreign victory for the United States

194
Q

why was Tecumseh a threat to the United States?

A

he wanted to make a single indian confederation

195
Q

what kept the british from capturing Baltimore?

A

baltimore was protected by a well designed fort called Fort McHenry

196
Q

jeffersonian _____ strongly supported state rights

A

republicans

197
Q

what were the two provisions of the monroe doctrine?

A

(1) European nations could not intervene in Western Hemisphere (north and South America) Unless they already had colonies in those areas
(2) The Unites States would not meddle in European affairs
Didn’t mean they wouldn’t trade

198
Q

the british victory at the battle of _____ gave them a clear path to capture Washington

A

bladensburg

199
Q

who was Sacajawea?

A

Shoshone Indian who was an assistant to Lewis and Clark

200
Q

how did the twelfth amendment affect presidential elections?

A

It Allowed electors to cast separate ballets for president and Vice President

201
Q

what event led to the death of the Federalist Party?

A

hartford convention

202
Q

what event led to the embargo act?

A

chesapeake affair

203
Q

what battle was an astounding victory by a makeshift american fleet?

A

battle at Lake Erie

204
Q

what was the adams-onis treaty, and what did america gain as a result of it?

A

In the Adams-Onis treaty, America Purchases Florida from Spain for the cost of 5 million dollars

205
Q

who was the president during the “era of good feelings”?

A

james monroe