chapter 11, 12

Question 1

List three types of differential stress

Answer 1

compressional
tensional
shear

Question 2

Distinguish between anticlines and synclines

Answer 2

anticlines warp upwards, while synclines warp downwards

Question 3

Contrast the movements that occur along normal and reverse faults. What type of stress is indicated by each fault?

Answer 3

Normal fault tensional stress hanging wall moves down relative to footwall
Reverse fault compressional stress hanging wall moves up relative to footwall

Question 4

How does the plate tectonics theory help explain compressional mountains

Answer 4

continental marine limestones are lifted by compressional forces to the tops of mts

Question 5

How are joints different than faults?

Answer 5

no movement along joints

Question 6

In what environments are rapid mass-wasting processes most likely to occur?

Answer 6

rugged high mt terrain

Question 7

describe the significance of the angle of repose

Answer 7

the steepest angle where material is stable- any steeper, it will move downward

Question 8

how does water affect mass-wasting processes?

Answer 8

adding weight,
loosening slopes
causing movement

Question 9

what is permafrost?

Answer 9

permanently frozen ground under a shallow surface layer

Question 10

how might wildfire influence mass-wasting

Answer 10

Removal of vegetation accelerates
Loses the protection from rain itself
Loosens soil