Chapter 11 Flashcards
what does supersaturated mean?
when a solution contains a greater amount of solute than solvent
what is Henry’s Law?
why do we use it?
Cg = kPg
Cg is the concentration constant
k is the constant
Pg is the partial pressure
we use it because gases are the only state affected by changes in pressure
what kinds of factors affect solubility?
structure effects (like dissolves like), temperature, pressure
if the temperature increases, the solubility ___. this is which kind of reaction? (endo/exo)
increases; endo H>0
gases become ___ soluble in water at ___ temperatures
less; high
dissolving a gas in a liquid is an example of a(n) ___ reaction
exothermic
how does increasing or decreasing the pressure affect solutions?
liquids & solids unaffected, however gases will become MORE soluble in a liquid when the pressure increases
what are colligative properties?
properties that depend on the concentration of solute molecules or ions in solution, but not the chemical identity of the solute particles (vapor pressure lowering, freezing pt depression, BP elevation, osmotic pressure)
Raoult’s Law
why do we use it?
Pa = Pa^o x Xa
we use it to help calculate vapor pressure
miscible liquids
2 liquids that mix i.e. ethanol & H2O
immiscible liquids
2 liquids that don’t mix ex. non polar substances, hydrocarbons, gas, oil
vapor pressure lowering
when a liquid in a closed container establishes equilibrium with its vapor
if a substance has no measurable vapor pressure it is ___
nonvolatile
boiling point elevation & freezing point depression are given by
deltaTf = i*m*kf deltaTb = i * m * kb
a nonvolatile solute does what to the BP of the solvent?
elevates
