Chapter 11 Flashcards
Order of strength of molecular forces
From weakest to strongest
Dispersion, dipole dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion dipole
Surface tension
Energy required to increase surface area by a unit amount
Decreases with decreasing intermolecular forces
Viscosity
Resistance of a liquid to flow
Increases with increasing intermolecular forces
Deceases with increasing temperature
Capillary action
Ability to flow against gravity up a narrow tube
Results from: attraction between molecules in a liquid (cohesive force) and attraction between molecules and surface of the tube (adhesive force)
If adhesive is greater than cohesive, liquid rises up tube
If cohesive is greater than adhesive, it won’t rise
Process of vaporization
Rate of vaporization increases with increasing temp
Increases with increasing surface area
Increases with decreasing intermolecular forces
Vaporization energy
Vaporization is endothermic -takes energy to vaporize so energy is absorbed
Condensation is expthernic- heat is released
Heat of vaporization
Always positive
Amount of heat required to vaporize one mile of liquid to gas
Dynamic equilibrium
Rate of condensation and rate of vaporization are equal
When system in dynamic equilibrium is distrubed, it will respond to minimize disturbance and return to state of equilibrium
Normal boiling point
Temp at which vapor pressure equals 1 ATM
Supercritical fluid
Gas and liquid states commingle
Critical temperature
Temp at which supercritical fluid occurs
Temperature above which liquid cannot exist
Critical pressure
Pressure where transition to supercritical fluid occurs
Pressure required to bring about transition to liquid at critical temp
Sublimation
Transition from solid to gas
Deposition
Transition from gas to solid
Heat of fusion (melting)
Always positive because it’s endothermic
