Chapter 11

Question 1

Family

Answer 1

set of people related by blood, marriage, or other agreed-upon relationship, or adoption, who share primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society

Question 2

Nuclear family

Answer 2

nucleus or core upon which larger family groups are built

Question 3

Extended family

Answer 3

family in which relatives live in same home as parents and children

Question 4

Monogamy

Answer 4

form of marriage in which one woman and one man are married only to each other

Question 5

Serial monogamy

Answer 5

when a person has several spouses in his or her lifetime, but only one spouse at a time

Question 6

Polygamy

Answer 6

when an individual has several husbands or wives simultaneously

Question 7

Polygyny

Answer 7

marriage of a man to more than one woman at the same time

Question 8

Polyandry

Answer 8

marriage of a woman to more than one husband at the same time; extremely rare

Question 9

Kinship

Answer 9

state of being related to others

Question 10

Bilateral descent

Answer 10

both sides of a person’s family are regarded as equally important

Question 11

Patrilineal descent

Answer 11

only the father’s relatives are important

Question 12

Matrilineal descent

Answer 12

only the mother’s relatives are important

Question 13

Patriarchy

Answer 13

males are expected to dominate in all family decision making

Question 14

Matriarchy

Answer 14

women have greater authority than men

Question 15

Egalitarian family

Answer 15

family in which spouses are regarded as equals

Question 16

Engels

Answer 16

family the ultimate source of social inequality due to its role in transfer of power, property, privilege

Question 17

Family serves six functions for society

Answer 17

Reproduction
Protection
Socialization
Regulation of sexual behavior
Affection and companionship
Provision of social status

Question 18

Endogamy

Answer 18

specifies groups within which spouse must be found; prohibits marriage with members of other groups

Question 19

Exogamy

Answer 19

requires mate selection outside certain groups, usually family or certain kin

Question 20

Incest taboo

Answer 20

social norm common to all societies prohibiting sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relationships

Question 21

Homogamy

Answer 21

conscious or unconscious tendency to select mate with personal characteristics similar to one’s own

Question 22

The Love Relationship

Answer 22

Coupling of love and marriage not universal

U.S. parents and peers expected to help child confine search for a mate to “socially acceptable” members of opposite sex

Question 23

Machismo

Answer 23

sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one’s maleness

Question 24

Familism

Answer 24

pride in extended family

Question 25

Parenthood and Grandparenthood

Answer 25

One of most important roles of parents is socialization of children

Question 26

Adoption

Answer 26

Transfer of legal rights, responsibilities, privileges of parenthood to new legal parent or parents

Question 27

Dual-Income Families

Answer 27

Among married people between 25 and 64, 96% of men and 69% of women in labor force

Question 28

Single-Parent Families

Answer 28

Only one parent present to care for children

In 2010, single parents headed about 24% of White families with children under 18

Question 29

Stepfamilies

Answer 29

Approximately 45% of all people in U.S. will marry, divorce, and remarry

Nature of blended families has social significance for adults and children

Question 30

Divorce

Answer 30

U.S. family life includes competing commitments in marriage

Question 31

Statistical Trends in Divorce

Answer 31

Divorce rates increased in late 1960s, then leveled off

Since late 1980s, declined by 30%

Question 32

Cohabitation

Answer 32

Male-female couples who choose to live together without marrying

Question 33

Remaining Single

Answer 33

More and more people in the U.S. postponing entry into a first marriage

Question 34

Marriage without Children

Answer 34

Modest increase in childlessness in U.S.

About 16–17% of women will complete childbearing years without bearing children

Question 35

National Health and Social Life Survey and Voter News Service

Answer 35

2–5% of adult population identify themselves as either gay or lesbian