Chapter 11 ( Brain Function And Neurocognitive Disorders )

Question 1

Left hemisphere is dominant in ? Stroke leads to ?

Answer 1

Language
Calculation type problem solving

Depression

Question 2

Right hemisphere is dominant in ? Stroke leads to ?

Answer 2

Perception
Artistic
Visual-spatial tasks

Apathy and indifference

Question 3

Gerstmann syndrome ?

Answer 3

Dyscalculia
Dysgraphia
Finger agnosia
Right-left confusion

Question 4

Cholinergic neurons are concentrated in ?

Answer 4

RAS

Basal forebrain

Question 5

General biochemical change regarding ACh in neurocognitive disorders ?

Answer 5

Decreased ACh concentrations in :
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Temporal neocortex

Question 6

ACh in corpus striatum ?

Answer 6

ACh circuits are in equilibrium with dopamine neurons

Question 7

Key pathway of NE which implicated in altering attention , perception and mood ?

Answer 7

Locus ceruleus in upper pons

Question 8

Mechanism of D1 , D5 receptors ?

Answer 8

Gs

Question 9

Mechanism of D2, D3, D4 receptors ?

Answer 9

Gi

Question 10

Psychiatric pathways of dopamine ? Blockade of which results in ?

Answer 10

1- Nigrostriatal pathway : blockade leads to
Tremors
Muscle rigidity
Bradykinesia

2- Mesolimbic-cortico pathway : blockade leads to
Reduction of psychotic symptoms

3- Tuberoinfundibular system : blockade leads to
Increase in prolactin

Question 11

Serotonin is the transmitter of ?

Answer 11

A discrete group of neurons that all have cell bodies located in the raphe nuclei of the brain stem

Question 12

Role of glutamic acid as a neurotransmitter ?

Answer 12

1- the principle neurotransmitter of the brain
2- the neurotransmitter of the neuronal pathways connecting the cerebral cortex and the corpus striatum
3- the neurotransmitter of the granule cells of the cerebellum
3- the principle neurotransmitter of the visual pathway

Question 13

Structure of encephalins ?

Answer 13

2 peptides , each containing 5 amino acids

Question 14

Substance P structure ? Role as a neurotransmitter ?

Answer 14

A peptide containing 11 amino acids

Major transmitters of sensory neurons that convey pain sensation from the periphery into the spinal cord

Question 15

Biochemical changes in Alzheimer disease ? Ttt ?

Answer 15

Decreased ACh and NE

Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors :
Donepezil 
Rivastigmine 
Galantamine 
Memantine 
Antipsychotic medications ( when psychotic symptoms are present only )

Question 16

Pick cells ?

Answer 16

Swollen neurons

Question 17

Klüver-Bucy syndrome ?

Answer 17

Hypersexuality
Hyperphagia
Passivity

Question 18

Effect of antipsychotics on Lewy body disease ?

Answer 18

Worsen behavior