Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NeuroBio > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory transduction:

A

The process of converting the energy of a sensory stimulus into an electrical signal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sensory receptor potentials are graded, meaning:

A

their amplitude reflects intensity of stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If the stimulus is strong enough to cause an action potential, convert intensity of the stimulus to the ____

A

Frequency of the action potential.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Midterm Question: Understand Sensory Receptor Potential; difference between sensory potential and receptor potential.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tactile subsystem:

A

Sensory information from cutaneous mechanoreceptors in skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Receptors that help measure pain:

A

Nocieceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Proprioceptive subsystem:

A

Sensory information of mechanical force in muscles, tendons, and joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nociceptive subsystem:

A

Sensory information from receptors that help mediate pain, temperature, and coarse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nocireptors are present at:

A

Free nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mechanoreceptors are present at:

A

messier corpuscle, merkel, Ruffini, and Pacincian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pseudounipolar:

A

peripheral and central components of afferent fibers are continuous, attached to the cell body in the ganglia by a single process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ia: largest diameter

A

myelinated, supply sensory
receptors in the muscles for proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aβ: slightly smaller diameter

A

myelinated, mostly
convey touch sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aδ and C

A

even smaller diameter, lightly or non‐ myelinated, mostly convey pain and temperature sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rank the diameters in terms of largest to smallest.

A

Ia>Aβ>Aδ>C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rank the conduction velocity:

A

Ia > Aβ > Aδ > C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which somatic sensory afferents are myelinated?

A

Ia and Aβ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which somatic sensory afferent is non-myelinated.

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Receptive field:

A

the area of the skin surface over which stimulation results in a significant change in the rate of action potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Slowly adapting (SA) afferents:

A

Provide information about the spatial attributes of the stimulus, such as size and shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rapidly adapting (RA) afferents:

A

Conveys information about changes in ongoing stimulation, such as stimulus movement.

22
Q

Low-threshold mechanoreceptors:

A

low thresholds for action potential generation and fire in response to mild to moderate innocuous mechanical stimuli

23
Q

High-threshold mechanoreceptors

A

high thresholds for action potential generation and only fire in response to intense noxious mechanical stimuli

24
Q

Parallel pathways:

A

somatic sensory afferents constitute pathways with different physiological types, conduction velocities, receptive field size, dynamics, and effective stimulus features

25
Q

Midterm Question: Match the mechanoreceptors.

A
26
Q

Merkel cells

A

Most sensitive one, function to sense points, edges, and curvature

27
Q

Meissener Corpuscles:

A

Function to sense objects moved across skin (skin motion)

28
Q

Pacinian corpuscles:

A

Function to sense skin vibration.

29
Q

Ruffini corpuscles:

A

Function to sense skin stretch.

30
Q

Sensory transduction in mechanosensory afferents are mediated by

A

Piezo1 and Piezo2 mechanosensitive ion channels.

31
Q

Golgi tendon organ

A

Detect muscle tension; Formed by branches of group Ib afferents distributed among the collagen fibers
that form the tendons

32
Q

Midterm Question: Match Golgi tendon, spindles, and receptor joints (w/ mechanoreceptors)

A
33
Q

Muscle spindles

A

—Sensory afferents are coiled around the intrafusal spindle: when muscle stretching, tension on the intrafusal fibers activates mechanically gated ion channels in nerve endings to trigger action potentials
—Two classes of nerve endings: primary endings are the largest myelinated group Ia afferents for rapidly adapting responses to changes in muscle length and secondary endings are group II afferents for sustained responses to constant muscle lengths

34
Q

Joint receptors:

A

appear to be important for judging position of the fingers

35
Q

Somatology

A

the point‐for‐point correspondence of an area of the body to a specific point on the CNS

36
Q

Ventral posterior complex of the thalamus

A

hows a orderly somatotopic representation  Ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) receives projections carrying somatosensory
information from the body and posterior head
 Ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) receives axons from trigeminal system
conveying somatosensory information from the face

37
Q

Ventral posterior lateral nucleus

A

receives projections carrying somatosensory
information from the body and posterior head

38
Q

Ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM)

A

receives axons from trigeminal system
conveying somatosensory information from the face

39
Q

Midterm Question: Tacticle sensation steps: Only test the body.

A
40
Q

What is the central pathway for tactile information?

A

First‐order neurons above thoracic spinal cord (dorsal root ganglia) > Second‐order neurons (proprioceptive neurons in dorsal column nuclei of medulla) > Third‐order neurons
(contralateral ventral posterior lateral nucleus [VPL] in thalamus) > fourth‐order neurons
(contralateral primary somatosensory cortex [SI]

41
Q

Somatotopic maps fail to represent

A

the human body in its actual proportions and show a disproportion of the representation of the human body.

42
Q

Neurons in area 3b and 1 respond primarily to

A

cutaneous stimuli

43
Q

Neurons in area 3a respond mainly to stimulation of

A

proprioceptors

44
Q

neurons in area 2 process both

A

tactile and proprioceptive stimuli

45
Q

Area 3b deficit

A

profound deficiencies in all tactile sensations

46
Q

Area 1 deficit:

A

partial deficits in discriminating texture of objects

47
Q

Area 2 deficit

A

partial deficits in discriminating the size and shape of objects

48
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex neurons with similar response properties

A

are clustered together into functionally distinct columns that transverse the depth of the cortex

49
Q

Can plasticity still occur after a peripheral lesson?

A

Yes, the somatic sensory cortex can undergo functional re-mapping or reorganization

50
Q

DRG > 2 neurons > 3 neurons in contralateral > 4 neurons in contralateral (body) in somatosensory context

A

NeuroBio (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions