Chapter 12 Earth's Ocean

Question 1

the amount of salt in water

Answer 1

salinity

Question 2

the downward push of water

Answer 2

water pressure

Question 3

small submarines that scientist use to study the ocean

Answer 3

submersibles

Question 4

ocean floor : the part of the ocean floor that drops gently near the land&raquo_space;» it extends from the edge of the continent into the ocean»» the depth increases gradually

Answer 4

continental shelf
depth : 140 m
width : 1.6 km - 1,200 km

Question 5

ocean floor : the part of the ocean floor that slopes steeply

Answer 5

continental slope

drops steeply : 3000 m

Question 6

ocean floor : the part of the ocean floor that slopes steeply&raquo_space;» it comes after the continental slope

Answer 6

continental rise

drops down below the ocean floor : 4000m

Question 7

ocean floor : the largest area of the ocean floor&raquo_space;» flat&raquo_space;» covered by thick layers of sediment

Answer 7

abyssal plains
depth : 4500 m
not completely flat : can have mountain ridges, volcanoes, and deep trenches

Question 8

coral island

Answer 8

atoll

Question 9

an area of shallow water

Answer 9

lagoon

Question 10

the up-and-down movement of surface water

Answer 10

wave

Question 11

the bottom of the wave slows the most, so the top moves ahead of the bottom. when the top gets far enough ahead, the wave falls over or ______

Answer 11

breaks

Question 12

the great energy of an earthquake or a volcanic eruption can produce a wave called _______

Answer 12

tsunami

Question 13

the mound of water that pushes onto shore in a hurricane is called a _____ _____.

Answer 13

storm surge

Question 14

a stream of water that flows like a river through the ocean

Answer 14

current

Question 15

large currents in the open ocean

Answer 15

surface currents

Question 16

a current that flows along the shore»» it carries swimmers away from the place where they entered the water

Answer 16

longshore current

Question 17

a kind of current that carry water away from the beach»» water on either side of them flows toward the shore&raquo_space;»it can flow faster than 2.4 m/sec

Answer 17

rip currents

Question 18

a change in the weather patterns over the Pacific Ocean

Answer 18

El Niño

Question 19

the rise and fall in the water level of the ocean

Answer 19

tide

Question 20

the area where the ocean and the land meet and interact

Answer 20

shore

Question 21

when soft rock is worn away, the hard rock left behind may form a point of land called ________

Answer 21

headland

Question 22

the waves may cut all the way through the rock, making a hole in the rockcalled a ___ ____

Answer 22

sea arch

Question 23

a temporary pool of ocean water

Answer 23

tide pool

Question 24

when a river flows into the ocean, an _______ forms»»it is rich in plant and animal life»» many kinds of fish breed in this

Answer 24

estuary

Question 25

the process of replacing sand

Answer 25

beach retoration

• not permanent
• can cost millions of dollars

Question 26

a wall like structure that sticks out into the ocean

• a structure that is used to block currents and prevent the loss of sand
• built of large rocks

Answer 26

jetty

Question 27

a man-made reef

Answer 27

artificial reef

Question 28

cracks in the ocean floor that releases hot water and minerals into the ocean

Answer 28

hydrothermal vents