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Psych 102 > Chapter 12 Social Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is social psychology?

A

the study of how ppl influence other ppls thoughts, feelings, and actions

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2
Q

What are ingroups?

A

ingroups: individuals and go perceive themselves to be members of the same social category

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3
Q

What is ingroup favouritism?

A

ingroup favouritism: preferential treatment to those we consider part of our ingroup

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4
Q

What is outgroup homogeneity effect?

A

tendency to view outgroup members as less varied than ingroup members

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5
Q

What is social facilitation?

A

social facilitation: when the presence of others enhances performance

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6
Q

What is social loafing?

A

social loafing: tendency for ppl not to work as hard in a group than when working alone

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7
Q

What is deindividuation?

A

deindividuation: a state of reduced individuality, self awareness and attention to personal standards that can occur when ppl are part of a group (“mob mentality”)

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8
Q

What is group polarization?

A

group polarization: initial attitudes of groups become more extreme over time

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9
Q

What is groupthink?

A

groupthink: tendency of groups to make bad decisions (especially if under pressure)

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10
Q

What is conformity?

A

conformity: altering one’s behaviour and/or opinions to match those of other ppl (or matching expectations)

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11
Q

What are social norms?

A

social norms: expected standards of conduct, which influence behaviour

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12
Q

What is obedience?

A

when someone follows the order of a person of authority

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13
Q

What is agression?

A
  • Aggression: any behaviour that involves the intention to harm another
    ○ Situational factors (observational learning, media, heat, rejection)
    ○ Biological factors (MAOA gene, testosterone)
    ○ Social/cultural factors (culture of honor)
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14
Q

What is prosocial behaviour?

A

actions that benefit each other

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15
Q

What is Altruism

A

providing help when there is no apparent reward for doing so

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16
Q

What is Bystander intervention Effect

A

the failure to offer help by those who observe someone in need when other people are present
○ Diffusion of responsibility
○ Fear of embarrassment
○ Anonymity
○ Weighing risk/benefit

17
Q

What is Mere-Exposure Effect

A

Mere-Exposure Effect: Greater exposure to a stimulus leads to greater liking for it

18
Q

What are explicit and implicit attitudes?

A

Explicit Attitudes: Those you are aware of and can report
Implicit Attitudes: influence us outside of conscious awareness

19
Q

What is cognitive dissoance and postdecisional dissonance?

A
  • Cognitive dissonance: an uncomfortable mental state resulting from a contradiction between two attitudes or between an attitude and a behaviour
    • Postdecisional dissonance: Occurs when forced to choose between attractive options - once the choice is made, negative qualities of the nonchosen options are emphasized
20
Q

What is compliance?

A

Compliance: the tendency to agree to do things requested by others

21
Q

What is foot in the door mean?

A
  • Foot in the door: agree to a small request, then more likely to comply with a larger request
22
Q

What does door in the face mean?

A
  • Door in the face: after refusing a larger request, people more likely to agree to a smaller request
23
Q

What does low balling mean?

A
  • Low balling: offer something at a low price - then additional charges
24
Q

What is actor/observer discrepancy?

A

the tendency to focus on situatons to explain one’s own behaviour but to focus on dispostions to explain other ppls behaviour

25
Q

What is the difference between companionate love and passionate love?

A
  • Companionate love: a strong commitment based on friendship, trust, respect, and intimacy
  • a state of intense longing and desire
26
Q

What is informational influence?

A

tendency for ppl to conform when they assume that the behaviour of others represents the correct way to respond

27
Q

What is nonverbal behavior?

A

facial expressions, gestures, mannerisms, and movements by which one communicates with others

28
Q

What is normaitve influence?

A

tendency for ppl to conform in order to fit in with the group

29
Q

What is modern racism

A

subtle forms of prejudice that coexist with the rejection of racist beliefs

30
Q

what is the “what is beautiful is good” sterotype?

A

the belief that attractivce ppl are superior in most ways

31
Q

What is elavortation likelihood model?

A

the idea that persuasive messages lead to attitude changes in either of two ways: central roue or peripheral route

32
Q

What is the fundamental attribution error?

A

in explaining other ppls behaviour, tendency to overemphasize traits and underestimate situational factors

Psych 102 (8 decks)

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