Chapter 12 :The Industrial And Social Revolution

Question 1

Reason : coal and iron

Answer 1

Machines were made from iron and steam was made by burning coal. Lots of coal and iron in Wales, Yorkshire and southern Scotland. Biggest mining industry.

Question 2

Reason : the empire

Answer 2

By 1800, Britain controlled all or some of Canada, India, Australia and New Zealand. Britain could get raw materials (cotton or rubber) from these colonies. Britain had markets where they sold products made in British factories.

Question 3

Reason : a good place to do business

Answer 3

Britain was a good place to do business as they had a good education system (Oxford and Cambridge), strong banking system (money for new businesses), stable government.

Question 4

Reason : ready made workforce

Answer 4

Agricultural revolution => increase in food => increase in population => more people working in factories

Question 5

Reason : great inventors and engineers

Answer 5

Isambard Kingdom Bruel : engineer, builder of bridges
James Watt : inventor of rotary steam engine
George Stephenson : pioneer of railways, inventor of locomotive ‘Rocket’

Question 6

Reason for why change in industry happened in Britain

Answer 6

Coal and iron
Empire
Good place to do business
Ready made workforce
Great inventors and engineers

Question 7

Britain nickname

Answer 7

The workshop of the world

Question 8

From village to town

Answer 8

1700 => 5 million
Most people lived in rural areas and farmed
1850 => 20 million
Changes in agriculture => industrial revolution

Question 9

The agricultural revolution

Answer 9

More animals => more food => more people
Population explosion => 1750
Birth rates => up
Death rates down => down

Question 10

How was agriculture improved?

Answer 10

Enclosure
New machinery
Improvements in livestock
The four field system

Question 11

Enclosure

Answer 11

Open farming was when there were no hedges or fences to separate farmers land. Disease spread from animal to animal and animals ate crops.
Enclosure acts allowed farmers to fence off land

Question 12

New machinery

Answer 12

All work on farms was done by hand. Jethro Tull seed drill => seeds were sown deep into ground and birds could not eat them
Cyrus McCormick mechanical reaper => made it easier for farmer to harvest crop
This led to increase in food

Question 13

Improvements in livestock

Answer 13

Robert Bakewell made selective breeding. The strongest animals breeded and the weaker ones were slaughtered. There was more food so it was cheaper.

Question 14

The four field system

Answer 14

One out of four field was left to fallow and rest. Viscount Charles Townshend planted turnips and clover which made the soil more fertile He rotated barley, wheat, turnips and clover every year.

Question 15

Results of agricultural revolution

Answer 15

More food -> cheap food -> population explosion -> ready made work force -> more jobs

Question 16

Textiles

Answer 16

Made from cotton and wool. Machines were invented to spin and weave and more factories were built. End of cottage industry

Question 17

Inventor of flying shuttle

Answer 17

John Kay (weaving)
Ms. Kay wants us to fly as writers

Question 18

Inventor of spinning Jenny

Answer 18

James Hargreaves (spinning)
James and Jenny work in the school

Question 19

Inventor of water frame

Answer 19

Richard Arkwright (spinning)
Noah's ARK -> WATER

Question 20

Inventor of the mule

Answer 20

Samuel Crompton (spinning)

Question 21

Inventor of power loom

Answer 21

Edmund Cartwright (weaving)
Wear loom band on your right hand

Question 22

Spread of Factories

Answer 22

More machines needed to be built for factories so more factories were needed

Question 23

First steam engine

Answer 23

Thomas Newcomen but was dangerous.

New steam engine

Question 24

James watt

Answer 24

Produced first efficient steam engine. Pumped underground water out of steam engines.
Powered machines in textile industry and drove engines of railway locomotives and steam ships.

Question 25

Inventor of smelting iron with Coke

Answer 25

Abraham Darby

Coke (coal dust) produced stronger iron

Question 26

Transport in Britain

Answer 26

Road were muddy and difficult to use in winter. Factory owners wanted more money and wanted it to be easier and faster to transport their goods to other places.

Question 27

Inventor of Bridgewater Canal between Liverpool and Manchester

Answer 27

James Brindley

Binded Liverpool and Manchester

Question 28

Inventor of stoney road

Answer 28

John MacAdam
Tar macadam
Road could be used in winter

Question 29

Inventor of rocky and stoney road

Answer 29

Thomas Teleford
Layers of rock and stones
Improved quality

Question 30

Inventor of the rocket

Answer 30

George Stephenson
First steam train
Fast mode of transport

Question 31

Private roads

Answer 31

Turnpike trusts

Question 32

Isambard Kingdom Brunels ship

Answer 32

Leviathan

Was so big it took a year to figure how to launch it into the sea

Question 33

Turnpike trusts

Answer 33

Private roads you had to pay for

Question 34

Inventor of the Davy lamp

Answer 34

Humphrey davy

Question 35

Inventor of Bessemer converter

Answer 35

Henry Bessemer

Turned iron into steel

Question 36

Mine worker people in history

Answer 36

I work in a factory. I work 15 hours a day, 6 days a week. I do not get paid a lot, and some people who have accidents at work have no help to get a job again. Many children are used to unblock clogs in the textile machines. One of my friends suffered a lung disease caused by breathing in tiny pieces of material that floated around in the air, as we are not allowed to open any Windows. There is no education opportunities for me, so I have no chance of getting a good job when I’m older. My brothers work in a mine. My sister worked in a mine but she got black lung, a lung disease caused by breathing in coal dust, so she is sick. My little brother is a trapper, he opens and closes doors to let in fresh air for the miners and if there was a gas explosion, only the people behind that door would be affected. He sits there in the damp cold mine for 12 hours a day in the dark. My older brother is a drawer, he pulls carts of coal around the mines with a chain tied around his waist. He has to bring a canary down with him, because the harmful gases will kill the canary before they kill him. My family shares one room in a tenement building. We don’t have much food and we don’t wash often either. Lots of people in the building get smallpox and cholera. I am lucky that I don’t live in a workhouse, where people get separated from their families and are forced to work for their food and shelter.

Question 37

Robert Owen

Answer 37

From Wales. Owned a factory. Became a manager of a cotton mill. Became manager of the chorlton twist company. He wanted to change the living conditions in Manchester. He built houses which had clean water. Cheap good food was sold to the workers. He set up schools for children.