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Micro Exam #4 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of acquired immunity?

A

naturally acquired(passive and active) & artificially acquired (active and passive)

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2
Q

what are the examples of passive and active naturally acquired immunity?

A

Active- kid picks up smallpox from another kid(active b/c it’s stimulating the immune system
Passive- mother passes her antibodies to her child through breast-feeding

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3
Q

what are the examples of passive and active artificially acquired immunity?

A

active- antigens from vaccines stimulate the immune system

passive- bitten by a rabid animal

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4
Q

what kind of immunity does B cells aid in and where do they mature?

A

B cells aid in humoral immunity and they mature in the bone marrow

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5
Q

what kind of immunity does T cells aid in and where do they mature?

A

T cells aid in cell-mediated immunity, and they mature in the thymus

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6
Q

this gene is found in all nucleated cells (endogenous viral protein)

A

MHC1

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7
Q

this gene is found on macrophage/dendritic cells/B cells; antigen presenting cells; exogenous proteins

A

MHCII

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8
Q

CD8+T = Cytotoxic T cell recognizes

A

antigen from MHC1 complex

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9
Q

CD4+T cells = helper T cells recognizes

A

antigen from MHCII complex

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10
Q

How does the major histocompatibility complex work for MHC1?

A

an infected cell advertises to a cytotoxic T cell that it’s infected. T cell releases perforin, causing the cell to lyse.

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11
Q

How does the major histocompatibility complex work for MHC2?

A

infected cell advertises that it’s infected, Helper T cells come, recognize the fragments of the infected cell. This activates the B cells to release antibodies against the microbe. cell does not lyse.

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12
Q

this is referred to as antibody production by B cells

A

humoral immunity

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13
Q

this is referred to as the T cell response to foreign antigens

A

cell-mediated immunity

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14
Q

which two antibodies are on the surface of B cells?

A

IgM and IgD

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15
Q

this is the site on an antigen molecule to which an antibody molecule binds (epitope)

A

antigenic determinant

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16
Q

why can’t you mix up blood types?

A

you would get the antibodies that your body doesn’t need; therefore causing the cell to lyse.

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17
Q

these are markers that are in some members of a species but not in others

A

alloantigen

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18
Q

this overstimulates the production of T cells; leading to a cytokine storm.

A

superantigen

19
Q

what is the role of the Fc region?

A

the antibody backs into the Fc receptor, flagging antigens to be phagocytized. if it backs up into an eosinophil, the cell lyses, causing a release in enzymes

20
Q

how many chains does each binding site have?

A

2 chains (10 binding sites)

21
Q

this antibody is first produced in humoral response

  • has 10 binding sites
  • 1 of 2 antibodies that is an antigen receptor on B cells
A

IgM

22
Q

this antibody the the principle isotype in blood

  • they cross vessel walls and enter tissue
  • placenta
  • this is the main antibody doctors use to neutralize you
A

IgG

23
Q

this is the most abundant antibody
-included in mucous membranes-dimer
-

A

IgA

24
Q

this is the antibody released when allergy and worm infections occur
-binds to mast cells and basophils

A

IgE

25
Q

This antibody is found in low levels in blood and lymph

-1 of the antigen receptors on B cells

A

IgD

26
Q

this is the type of T cell: CD4+

A

helper T cells

27
Q

this is the type of T cell: CD8+

  • release of perforin
  • granzymes:proteases induce apoptosis
A

Cytotoxic T cell

28
Q

this is programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

29
Q

these are also called suppressor T cells.

  • combats auto-immunity
  • protects the normal flora in the intestine
  • may protect the fetus from rejection
A

regulatory T cells

30
Q

these are the first to attack cancer cells and virus-infected cells

A

natural killer cells

31
Q

these cells are not considered part of the cell-mediated immune system
-Y interferon

A

natural killer cells

32
Q

are B cells T-independent or dependent?

A

T-dependent

33
Q

what are the 3 types of antigen-presenting cells?

A

Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells

34
Q

antigen presenting cell:

  • lymph nodes, spleen,skin
  • principle antigen presenting cell
A

dendritic cell

35
Q

this type of antigen-presenting cell when activated, includes ingesting antigens, cytokine storms, control of cancer cells

A

macrophages

36
Q 
Type of vaccine:
living but weakend,
boosters not needed
risk is an individual with weakened immune system
more for viruses, not bacteria
refrigeration
A

attenuated whole-agent vaccines

37
Q 
Type of vaccine:
formalin/phenol or heat
dead vaccine
easy to handle
may require boosters
A

Inactivated whole-agent vaccine

38
Q

this vaccine treats: sabine, mmr, chickenpox, cholera

A

attenuated

39
Q

this vaccine tests for salk, rabies, influenza

A

inactivated whole-agent

40
Q

these are inactivated toxins treated with formalin

-treats diptheria, tetanus

A

toxoids

41
Q

these vaccine include recombinant and acellular vaccines. hepatitis B and S. pneumoniae

A

subunit vaccines

42
Q

type of vaccine: injecting DNA or RNa plasmids into muscle

DNA remains active

A

nucleic acid vaccines

43
Q

WNV vaccine for horses is what type of vaccine?

A

nucleic acid vaccines

Micro Exam #4 (5 decks)

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