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BIO 312 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

12 pairs, sensory vs. motor or mixed

A

cranial nerves

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2
Q

31 pairs; 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal.
enlargements in gray matter

A

spinal nerves

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3
Q

endoneurium, perineurium; fascicles, epineurium

A

structure of the PNS

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4
Q

mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, chemoreceptors, nociceptors

A

types of sensory receptors

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5
Q

respond to touch, pressure, vibration and stretch

A

mechanoreceptors

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6
Q

respond to temperature change

A

thermoreceptors

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7
Q

respond to light, dark and color

A

photoreceptors

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8
Q

respond to tastes

A

chemoreceptors

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9
Q

respond to pain

A

nociceptors

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10
Q

exteroceptors, interoceptors, proprioceptors

A

locations of sensory receptors

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11
Q

near or at the body surface, sensitive to stimuli arising outside of the body

A

exteroreceptors

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12
Q

respond to stimuli within the body

A

interoreceptors

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13
Q

occur in skeletal muscles, stretch in muscles and tendons

A

proprioceptors

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14
Q

nonencapsulated and capsulated

A

general senses

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15
Q

temperature, pain, tissue movement caused by pressure, itch

A

nonencapsulated (free nerve ending)

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16
Q

tactile corpuscle, lamellar corpuscles, bulbous corpuscles (continuous deep pressure), muscle spindles (muscle stretch), tendon organs, joint kinesthetic receptors (stretch in articulate capsules)

A

capsulated

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17
Q

perceive changes in taste, smell, and touch, use a unique cell

A

special senses

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18
Q
  1. receptor level
  2. circuit level
  3. processing at the perceptual level
A

Somatosensory processing

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19
Q

sensory receptors;

specific stimulus, stimulus must be within receptive field, energy must be converted to graded potential, adaptation

A

Receptor level of somatosensory processing

20
Q

energy must be converted to graded potential.

EPSPs and IPSPs, generator potentials; general senses, receptor potential; separate cells- special senses

A

transduction

21
Q

phasic receptors (fast adapting), tonic receptors (sustained response)

A

adaptation

22
Q

ascending pathways

A

circuit level

23
Q

detection, magnitude, spatial discrimination, feature abstraction, quality discrimination, pattern recognition

A

processing at the perceptual level

24
Q

input from several receptors

A

detection

25
Q

frequency coding

A

magnitude

26
Q

how many receptors are found in a given area

A

spatial discrimination

27
Q

separate unique features of an overall structure

A

feature abstraction

28
Q

taste; bitter vs. sweet

A

quality discrimination

29
Q

pain stimuli arising in one part of the body are perceived as coming from another part
ex: heart attack causes pain in left arm

A

visceral and referred pain

30
Q

extremes

ex: cut finger
1. initial cut stimulates sharp pain via type A fibers
2. Slow C fibers continue via a slow constant burn

A

pain perception

31
Q

segmental level, projection level, precommand areas

A

levels of motor control

32
Q

the lowest levelreflexes and spinal cord circuits, central pattern generations

A

segmental level

33
Q

work via the direct and indirect descending pathways

A

projection level

34
Q

basal nuclei and cerebellum

A

precommand areas

35
Q

Receptor—> sensory neuron —-> integration —-> motor neuron —-> effector

A

standard circuit of reflexes

36
Q

Somatic and Autonomic

A

two types of reflexes

37
Q

skeletal muscle

A

somatic reflex

38
Q

smooth muscles and glands

A

autonomic reflex

39
Q

Spinal reflexes and superficial reflexes

A

somatic reflexes

40
Q

knee jerk, muscle spindles measure length, activates a reciprocal inhibition
monosynaptic, ipsilateral

A

stretch reflex

41
Q

tendon organs that monitor the tendon stretch, activate reciprocal activation

A

tendon reflex

42
Q

autonomic withdrawal, can be overrided by cerebral cortex, cross extensor reflex

A

Withdrawal

43
Q

gentle cutaneous stimulation

plantar reflex and abdominal reflex

A

Superficial reflexes

44
Q

test integrity of nerves from L4-S2

A

plantar reflex

45
Q

test integrity of T8-T12

A

abdominal reflex

BIO 312 (5 decks)

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