Chapter 13

Question 1

Amino acid

Answer 1

The monomers of polypeptides - each monomer consisting of an amine group and a carboxylic acid group bonded to the same carbon atom.

Question 2

Anabolism

Answer 2

A general term for all the energy-requiring chemi- cal reactions that produce large biomolecules from smaller molecules.

Question 3

Carbohydrate

Answer 3

Organic molecules produced by photosynthetic plants - containing only carbon - hydrogen - and oxygen.

Question 4

Catabolism

Answer 4

Chemical reactions that break down biomolecules in the body.

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

An elongated bundle of DNA and protein that appears in a cell’s nucleus just prior to cell division.

Question 6

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 6

A nucleic acid containing the sugar deoxyribose and having a double helical structure; it carries genetic code in its nucleotide sequence.

Question 7

Enzyme

Answer 7

A protein that catalyzes (speeds up) bio-chemical reactions.

Question 8

Fat

Answer 8

A biomolecule that packs a lot of energy per gram and consists of a glycerol unit attached to three fatty acid molecules.

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

A particular sequence of nucleotides along the DNA strand that leads a cell to manufacture a particular polypeptide.

Question 10

Glycogen

Answer 10

A polymer made of hundreds of glucose monomers and sometimes referred to as animal starch.

Question 11

Lipid

Answer 11

A broad class of biomolecules - such as fats and oils - not soluble in water because their structures are largely made of hydrocarbons.

Question 12

Metabolism

Answer 12

The general term describing the sum of all the chemical reactions in the body.

Question 13

Minerals

Answer 13

Inorganic chemicals that play a wide variety of roles in the body and are obtained from our diet.

Question 14

Nucleic acid

Answer 14

A long polymeric chain of nucleotide monomers holding the information for how amino acids need to be linked together to form an organism.

Question 15

Nucleotide

Answer 15

A nucleic acid monomer consisting of three parts: a nitrogenous base - ribose (in RNA) or deoxyribose (in DNA) - and a phosphate group.

Question 16

Protein

Answer 16

A polymer of amino acids having some biological function.

Question 17

Replication

Answer 17

The process by which DNA strands are duplicated.

Question 18

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Answer 18

A nucleic acid containing a fully oxygenated ribose; it executes protein synthesis based on code read from DNA.

Question 19

Saccharide

Answer 19

Another term for carbohydrate. The prefixes mono- - di- - and poly- are used with this term to indicate the size of the carbohydrate.

Question 20

Vitamins

Answer 20

Organic chemicals that assist in various biochemical reactions in the body and are obtained from our diet.