Chapter 13 (Instruments of Counterterrorism)

Question 1

counterterrorism

Answer 1

a range of policies in response to a terrorist act or to prevent future attacks

Question 2

threat assessment

Answer 2

a fact-based, systematic process designed to identify, assess, and manage potentially dangerous or violent situations (most efficient use of resources; requires several assumptions)

Question 3

What are the aspects of threat assessment?

Answer 3

1. Intent (What would they want to attack? Will they?); 2. Capability (Are they a legitimate threat? Can they conduct a specific attack, and will their organization survive; cohesiveness?); 3. Access (Does the target have exploitable vulnerabilities?)

Question 4

Counterterrorism policy evaluation (Did it work?)

Answer 4

1. Physical impact (Did you minimize casualties/damage?); 2. Group Persistence (Still there?); 3. Containment (Reduce attacks?); 4. Normative Impact (Did your policy change norms?)

Question 5

Hard Power Instruments

Answer 5

economic and military coercion; tangible, observable actions; can be indiscriminate or discriminate

Question 6

Concepts of Hard Power

Answer 6

1. Deterrence (fear of possible consequences keeps people from making choices you don’t want); 2. Enemy-centric (goal is to stop the enemy, the ends justify the means; use violence to stop violence)

Question 7

Indiscriminate Hard Power

Answer 7

1. Mass Surveillance; 2. Military Intervention (objective - catch and kill terrorists)

Question 8

Discriminate Hard Power

Answer 8

Targetted Assassination

Question 9

Targetted Assassination

Answer 9

a form of killing based on the assumption that the target is doing something wrong; 1. Leadership Decapitation (kill leaders); 2. Drone Strikes (UAV; aircraft that can be navigated remotely)

Question 10

Concepts of Soft Power

Answer 10

1. Institutions (the rules and norms that shape human behavior); 2. Population-Centric (give the population more ways to get what they want)

Question 11

Economic Influence (Soft Power)

Answer 11

1. Finance Regulations (keep actors from being able to sponsor terror; stop money laundering and resource funneling); 2. Externalities (curve international transactions; stop continual transition of funds)

Question 12

Social Influence (Soft Power)

Answer 12

1. CVE Programs (community nonprofit organizations to help at-risk individuals); 2. Implementation (radicalization is not easy to spot and fix, and have to be tailored to cases, so this is hard to do)

Question 13

Political Influence (Soft Power)

Answer 13

1. Conciliation (give in); 2. Moral Hazard (you’re willing to take bigger risks if you’re not paying the consequences; the government giving in might make things worse for it’s people)

Question 14

Methods to exercise Soft Power

Answer 14

Economic, Social, and Political Influence