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Chemistry > Chapter 13 Metals > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Metals Flashcards

1
Q

Physical properties of metals

A
  1. High melting point and boiling point
  2. Good conductor of electricity and heat (due to mobile ions)
  3. Malleable (can be hammered into diff shapes without breaking)
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2
Q

Why in pure metals atoms slide over each other easily when force is applied?

A

In pure metals, the atoms are of the same size and area packed in regular layers.

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3
Q

What are alloys?

A

A mixture of metals and one or more other element.

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4
Q

Properties of alloys

A
  1. Do not have fixed melting and boiling point
  2. Stronger and less malleable, more durable
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5
Q

Why in alloys atoms cannot slide over each other easily?

A

They have different elements of different atom sizes, it disrupts the regular arrangement of the pure metal, the atoms cannot slide over each other easily.

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6
Q

Reactivity series of metal

A
  1. Potassium
  2. Sodium
  3. Calcium
  4. Magnesium
  5. Zinc
  6. Iron
  7. Lead
  8. Hydrogen
  9. Copper
  10. Silver
  11. Gold
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7
Q

What metal react with cold water and what is the chemical equation?

A
  1. Potassium
  2. Sodium
  3. Calcium

metal+ water= metal hydroxide+ hydrogen

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8
Q

What metal can react with steam and what is the chemical equation?

A
  1. Magnesium
  2. Zinc
  3. Iron
    metal + steam = metal oxide + hydrogen
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9
Q

What metal can react with acid and what is the chemical equation?

A

All metals above hydrogen can react with acid.
Metal + acid = salt + hydrogen

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10
Q

What metal are unreactive?

A

Copper, silver and gold

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11
Q

Why is metal displacement reaction a redox reaction?

A

A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution.

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12
Q

Very reactive metal can be extracted by what?

A

Electrolysis

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13
Q

Less reactive metal can be extracted by what?

A

Reduction with carbon and heat

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14
Q

Unreactive are found?

A

uncombined

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15
Q

Why more reactive metal are harder to extract?

A

They form stable compounds with strong bonds.

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16
Q

What raw materials are added in the blast furnace?

A
  1. Haematite or Iron ore, Fe2O3
  2. Coke, C
  3. Limestone, CaCO3
17
Q

What wasted gas are produced?

A
  1. Carbon dioxide, CO2
  2. Carbon monoxide, CO
  3. Nitrogen, N2
18
Q

Able to identify parts of blast furnance

A
  1. Molten slag
  2. Outlet for iron ( bottom )
  3. Outlet for slag ( top )
  4. Hot air
  5. Molten iron
  6. Firebrick lining
19
Q

Steps for extraction of iron

A
  1. Coke burns in the blast of hot air to produce carbon dioxide and large amount of heat.
    C(s) + O2(g) = CO2 (g)
  2. Carbon dioxide reacts with more coke to form carbon monoxide
    C(s) + CO2 (g) = 2CO (g)
  3. Carbon monoxide reduces iron (iii) oxide to molten iron
    Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) = 2Fe(l) + 3CO2 (g)
20
Q

Steps to remove impurities

A
  1. Thermal decomposition of limestone produces carbon dioxide and calcium oxide
    CaCO3(s) = CaO(s) + CO2 (g)
  2. The calcium oxide formed reacts with silicon dioxide and other impurities to form molten slag.
    CaO(s) + SiO2(s) = CaSiO3 (l)
21
Q

How does rusting occur?

A

metals react with air and water

22
Q

Why in the presence of sodium chloride, rusting speeds up?

A

Sodium chloride is a ionic bond, it contains mobile ions which facilitate electron transfer

23
Q

How to prevent rusting?

A

Coat a layer of oil, paint or plastic

24
Q

Why do we recycle metals?

A

Metal are finite resources.

25
Q

What are the advantages of recycling?

A
  1. Conserve finite metal ores and limited fossil fuels
  2. Save cost of extracting new metal from ores
  3. Reduce cost as lesser landfill sites need to be built
  4. Lesser environmental problems and pollution compared to extraction
26
Q

What are the disadvantages of recycling?

A
  1. May incur most cost overall due to the cost of transporting the scrap metals to the processing plant, sorting and cleaning the scrap metals
  2. Require effort and time for communities and businesses to adopt recycling as a lifestyle
  3. Recycling process still cause a certain amount of pollution

Chemistry (13 decks)

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