Chapter 14

Question 1

Habeas Corpus

Answer 1

A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual. During the Civil War, Lincoln suspended habeas corpus to stop protests against
the draft and other anti-Union activities.

Question 2

Total War

Answer 2

A form of warfare that mobilizes all of a society’s resources — economic, political, and cultural — in support of the military effort.

Question 3

Draft (conscription)

Answer 3

The system for selecting individuals for conscription, or compulsory military service, first implemented during the Civil War.

Question 4

King Cotton

Answer 4

The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.

Question 5

Greenbacks

Answer 5

Paper money issued by the U.S. Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.

Question 6

“Contrabands”

Answer 6

Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.

Question 7

Radical Republican

Answer 7

The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s. With the Confiscation Act in 1861, Radical Republicans began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.

Question 8

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 8

President Abraham Lincoln’s proclamation issued on January 1, 1863, that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union. While the Emancipation Proclamation did not immediately free a single slave, it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.

Question 9

Scorched-Earth Campaign

Answer 9

A campaign in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia by Union general Philip H. Sheridan’s troops. The troops destroyed grain, barns, and other useful resources to
punish farmers who had aided Confederate raiders.

Question 10

War Democrats

Answer 10

Vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended.

Question 11

Peace Democrats

Answer 11

called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement

Question 12

March to the Sea

Answer 12

Military campaign from September through December 1864 in which Union forces under General Sherman marched from Atlanta, Georgia, to the coast at Savannah. Carving a path of destruction as it progressed, Sherman’s army aimed at destroying white southerners’ will to continue the war.

Question 13

“Harsh War”

Answer 13

The philosophy and tactics used by Union general William Tecumseh Sherman, by which he treated civilians as combatants.