Chapter 14

Question 1

What is quantitative analysis?

Answer 1

The determination of the amount or concentration of a substance in a sample

Question 2

What is titration analysis?

Answer 2

A technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution

Question 3

What is a titrant?

Answer 3

Solution of known concentration that is added (titrated) to another solution

Question 4

What is an analyte?

Answer 4

A substance whose chemical constituents are being identified and measured

Question 5

What is the equivalence point?

Answer 5

The point in a titration where the amount of titrant added is enough to completely neutralize the analyte solution

Question 6

What is an indicator?

Answer 6

Dye added to help in visually detecting a chemical change in a solution

Question 7

What is the end point?

Answer 7

The point at which the reaction (ie. completes color of the solution changes completely due to the formation of product due to the addition of indicator)

Question 8

What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid

Answer 8

A compound that donates a proton (H+)

Question 9

What is a Bronsted-Lowry base

Answer 9

A compound that accepts a proton (H+)

Question 10

What is an acid-base reaction?

Answer 10

A reaction in which there is a transfer of a H+ from one compound to another compound

Question 11

What is a conjugate base?

Answer 11

The remaining species of an acid left after it donates an H+

Question 12

What is a conjugate acid?

Answer 12

The species that is created when a base accepts an H+

Question 13

What is the reaction between a Bronsted-Lowry acid and water called?

Answer 13

Acid ionization

Question 14

What is called when a species accepts H+ from water molecules?

Answer 14

Base ionization

Question 15

What is a species (like water) that is capable of either donating or accepting H+?

Answer 15

Amphiprotic (or amphoteric)

Question 16

What is a strong acid?

Answer 16

An acid that gives up H+ easily (100% dissociated in water)

Question 17

What is a weak acid?

Answer 17

An acid that gives up H+ with difficulty (less than 100% dissociated)

Question 18

What is a strong base?

Answer 18

A base that completely ionizes in water and produces a large amount of hydroxide ions

Question 19

What is a weak base?

Answer 19

A base that partially ionizes in water and produces a small amount of hydroxide ions

Question 20

What is Kw?

Answer 20

The ion-product constant for water

Question 21

What is the equation for Kw?

Answer 21

Kw = [H3O+][OH-] (where H20 + H20 (arrows) H3O+ + OH- )

Question 22

What is the value for Kw at 25-deg C?

Answer 22

1.0 x 10^-14

Question 23

What is Ka?

Answer 23

The acid dissociation constant

Question 24

What is the equation for Ka?

Answer 24

Ka = [H3O+] [A-] / [HA] (where HA + H2O (arrows) H3O+ + A-

Question 25

What is the equation for calculating pH?

Answer 25

pH = -log(H3O+)

Question 26

What is the equation for calculating [H3O+]?

Answer 26

[H3O+] = 10^-pH

Question 27

What is the equation for calculating [OH-]?

Answer 27

[OH-] = 10^-pOH

Question 28

What is the equation for calculating pOH?

Answer 28

pOH = -log[OH-]

Question 29

How are the concentrations of [H3O+] and [OH-] related

Answer 29

[H3O+][OH-] =1.0 x 10^-14

Question 30

How are pH and pOH related?

Answer 30

pH + pOH = 14

Question 31

What is the classification of a substance with a pH of less than 7

Answer 31

Acidic

Question 32

What is the classification of a substance with a pH equal to 7

Answer 32

Neutral

Question 33

What is the classification of a substance with a pH of more than 7

Answer 33

Basic

Question 34

What is a substance that contains a weak conjugate acid-base pair and, therefore, keeps the pH level from changing significantly called?

Answer 34

Buffer