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Physics > Chapter 14 -18 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 -18 Flashcards

1
Q

Triple point

A

A temperature for a substance at which there is thermal equilibrium. Not net energy transfer.

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2
Q

How do you convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit?

A

Add 273 to the celius for farenheit.

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3
Q

What is absolute zero

A

0 Kelvin

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4
Q

Internal energy

A

The sum of randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of atoms of molecules within a substance.

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5
Q

Factors affecting internal energy ( 3 )

A

Temperature - Particles move faster so have more kinetic energy.
Pressure and Volume- The closer the particles are to each other the more likely they are to collide.
State - When materials change state, volume will change so p.d will also change

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6
Q

Specific Heat Capacity

A

The energy required to change 1kg of a substance of temperature by 1 C.
E = mcθ

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7
Q

Specific Latent Heat

A

The energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without changing its temperature.
E = mL

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8
Q

What is Specific latent heat of fusion

A

When the substance changes from solid to liquid.

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9
Q

What is Specific latent heat of vaporisation

A

When the substance changes from liquid to gas

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10
Q

Avagadros Constant

A

6.02 x 10^23

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11
Q

Equation for No. of atoms

A 
N = n x Na
n = number of moles
Na = Avagadros Constant
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12
Q

What is a mole

A

The SI unit for the amount of a substance

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13
Q

5 assumptions for an ideal gas (Short Form)

A 
Large number of atoms with random directions and speed
Big container
Elastic Collisions
Short time collisions
No forces between particles
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14
Q

5 assumptions for an ideal gas (Need to learn)

A
  1. Gas contains large number of atoms / molecules moving in random directions and speed.
    2, Atoms / Molecules occupy a negligible volume compared with volume of gas.
    3, The collisions of atoms / molecules is perfectly elastic.
  2. The time of the collisions between atoms / molecules is negligible.
  3. Electrostatic forces between atoms and molecules negligible except during collisions.
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15
Q

What is the relationship between pressure and volume

A

They are inversely proportional

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16
Q

What is the relationship between pressure and temperature

A

They are directly proportional

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17
Q

Equation of combined gas laws

A

pV / T = constant

18
Q

Equation for root mean squared speed

A

pV = 1/3 N m c^2

19
Q

Angular Velocity (3 equations)

A 
ω = θ/t
ω = 2 pi / t
ω = 2 pi f
20
Q

Centripetal acceleration ( 3 equations)

A 
a = v^2 / r  
a = ω ^2 r
v = rω
21
Q

Centripetal force ( 2 equations)

A 
F = mv^2 / r
F = mω^2 r
22
Q

What is the relationship between volume and temperature?

A

They are directly proportional

23
Q

How do you find the number of particles in a substance.

A 
N = n x Na
n = Number of moles
Na = 6.02 x 10 ^23
24
Q

What is displacement in oscillation

A

The distance from equilibrium position

25
Q

What is amplitude

A

The maximum displacement from equilibrium position

26
Q

What is period

A

The time taken for one complete oscillation

27
Q

What is frequency

A

The number of complete oscillations per unit time

28
Q

Definition of simple harmonic motion

A

Oscillating motion for which acceleration of the object is directional to the displacement

29
Q

Formula of SHM

A

a = -ω^2x

30
Q

Why is there a minus sign in the equation

A

Acceleration acts in the opposite direction to the displacement

31
Q

What equation is used when the pendulum starts at equilibrium

A

a = A sinωt

32
Q

What equation is used when the pendulum starts at amplitude

A

a = A cosωt

33
Q

Velocity max equation

A

v = ωA

34
Q

Velocity equation

A

v = +- root A^2 - x^2

35
Q

What is the Potential Energy at equilibrium position and amplitude

A

It is at 0 at equilibrium and highest at amplitude

36
Q

What is Kinetic energy at equilibrium position and amplitude

A

It is highest at equilibrium and lowest at amplitude

37
Q

What is a free oscillation

A

The motion of a system displaced from its equilibrium and oscillates without external forces

38
Q

What is a forced oscilation

A

An oscillation which a periodic driver is applied to an oscillator

39
Q

Natural frequency

A

The frequency of a free oscillation

40
Q

Damping

A

An oscillation is damped when an external forces acts on the oscillator which reduces the amplitude of oscillations.

41
Q

Light and Heavy Damping

A

Light damping reduces the amplitude by a small amount, almost unnoticed.
Heavy damping drastically changes the amplitude

42
Q

Resonance

A

The increase in amplitude of a forced oscillation when the driving frequency matches the natural frequency

Physics (5 decks)

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