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Micro Exam #4 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

an inherited tendency to develop alllergies

A

atopy

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2
Q

a serious, life-threatening allergic reaction

A

anyphalaxis

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3
Q

what is the hygiene hypothesis?

A

we are more germaphobic that normal; more susceptible to asthma and eczema.

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4
Q

this mediator constricts smooth muscles(small bronchi)

A

labored breathing

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5
Q

this mediator increases intestinal peristalsis-diarhea

A

serotonin

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6
Q

this mediator constricts smooth muscles (bronchioles), mucus secretion.

A

bradykinin

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7
Q

mediator that has to do with bronchiole constriction and mucus. (asthma)

A

leukotriene

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8
Q

what are three types of atopic diseases?

A

hay fever, asthma, eczema

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9
Q

the immune system may be genetically susceptible to Type I Immediate Hypersensitivity due to production of what antibody?

A

IgE

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10
Q

what is the allergen associated with Hay fever?

A

pollen

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11
Q

this mediator causes labored breathing?

A

histamine

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12
Q

this mediator causes diarrhea

A

serotonin

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13
Q

this mediator aids in mucus secretions

A

bradykinin

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14
Q

what does leukodetrine cause?

A

asthma

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15
Q

what does prostaglandins cause?

A

labored breathing

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16
Q

what are the two types of anaphylaxis?

A

cutaneous and systemic

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17
Q

what is the result of systemic anyphalaxis?

A

airway blockage

18
Q

how is the skin allergy conducted? what is observed?

A

the forearm or back is mapped then allergen is pinpricked, and observed for 20 minutes. looking for a wheal , redness or swelling.

19
Q

what preventative measures are taken to avert Hemolytic Disease of Newborn?

A

family history taken. if mom is RH- and dad is Rh+, then a passive immunization of anti-Rh antibody is injected into the mother.

20
Q

what is the anti-Rh antibody that’s administered?

A

Rhogam

21
Q

what is produced in Type III-Immune Complex Reactions?

A

overabundance of antigen-antibody complexes

22
Q

what types of cells release lysosomal granules, causing destructive inflammation

A

neutrophils

23
Q

what are the two examples of Type III- Immune complex reactions?

A

Arthus reaction, and Serum sickness

24
Q

why are two rounds needed for the Arthus Reaction?

A

one presensitizes the patient. the next one causes an overabundance of antibody production

25
Q

how did serum sickness get its name?

A

soldier who recieved the tetanus shot from horses

26
Q

in type 4 cell-mediated responses, what are the two necessary doses required?

A

sensitized dose and provocative dose

27
Q

what bacteria causes a prior infection in rheumatic fever? why?

A

staphylococcus pyogene. antigens found on those are similar to human beings

28
Q

what are the three examples of organ-specific autoimmunity? symptoms of each?

A

Type 1 diabete mellitus
Hashimoto’s disease
Graves disease

29
Q

what are two examples of systematic autoimmune diseases?

A

lupus, and arthritis

30
Q

what bacteria is associated with group A arthritis?

A

Beta hemolytic strep pyogenes

31
Q

what blood test is conducted to determine whether someone has been affected with rheumatoid arthritis?

A

rheumatoid factor.

32
Q

what’s one example of a neuromuscular autoimmune disease?

A

myasthenia gravis; no muscle contraction as a result

33
Q

what is the most common abnormal B cell imunoglobin difficiency? what body systems are affected?

A

IgA, GI tract and resp.

34
Q

what are 2 primary causes of severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome?SCIS

A

absence of lymphocyte stem cells, and dysfunction of T cells in thymus

35
Q

what are some common diseases that occur b/c of SCIS?

A

candidiasis, sepsis, pneumoniae, viral infections

36
Q

what is the basic anatomy of HIV?

A

en enveloped retrovirus, 2 ss-Rna

37
Q

how do HIV replicate?

A

virus enters the cells as 2 ss-RNa protein coat. uncoating occurs, then seperation of ssrna and protien coat. ssRNA turns to ssDNA. ssdna makes complement strand in order to become DS DNA

38
Q

what are the three phases of HIV infection?

A

acute(days to 10 weeks), asymptomatic, symptomatic

39
Q

what is meant by the homogeneous dose?

A

virus typically infects people in low doses

40
Q

where does HIV infection occur in the acute phase?

A

lymph nodes

Micro Exam #4 (5 decks)

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