Chapter 14

Question 1

band

Answer 1

a small kinship-based group of foragers who hunt and gather for a living over a particular territory

Question 2

Tribe

Answer 2

Originally viewed as a culturally distinct, multiband population that imagined itself as one people descended from a common ancestor; currently used to describe an indigenous group with its own set of loyalties and leaders living to some extent outside the control of a centralized authoritative state

Question 3

Chiefdom

Answer 3

An autonomous political unity composed of a number of villages or communities under the permanent control of a paramount chief

Question 4

State

Answer 4

An autonomous regional structure of political, economic, and military rule with a central government authorized to make laws and use force to maintain order and defend its territory

Question 5

Hegemony

Answer 5

The ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement within a population without the use or threat or force

Question 6

Civil society organization

Answer 6

A local nongovernmental organization that challenges state policies and uneven development, and advocates for resources and opportunities for members of its local communities

Question 7

Militarization

Answer 7

The contested social process through which a civil society organizes for the production of military violence

Question 8

agency

Answer 8

the potential power of individuals and groups to contest cultural norms, values, symbols, mental map of reality, institutions, and structures of power.

Question 9

Social movement

Answer 9

Collective group actions in response to uneven development, inequality, and injustice that seek to build institutional networks to transform cultural patterns and government policies

Question 10

Framing process

Answer 10

The creation of shared meanings and definitions that motivate and justify collective action by social movements