Chapter 14 Flashcards
Agonist
A molecule that binds to a receptor site and initiates a biological effect.
Analgesic
A drug that allows us to tolerate pain without abol- ishing nerve sensations.
Anesthetic
A drug that prevents neurons from transmitting sensations to the brain.
Antagonist
A molecule that binds to a receptor site and does not initiate a biological effect except that it blocks other active molecules from binding to the receptor site.
Chemotherapy
The use of drugs to destroy pathogens without destroying the animal host.
Combinatorial chemistry
A laboratory approach intended to mimic nature’s chemical diversity by taking advantage of the many different ways in which a series of reacting chemicals can be combined.
Lock-and-key model
A model based upon the idea that there is a connection between a drug’s chemical structure and its biological effect.
Neuron
A specialized cell capable of sending and receiving electric impulses.
Neurotransmitter
An organic compound released by a neuron and capable of activating receptor sites within an adjacent neuron.
Physical dependence
A dependence characterized by the need to continue taking a drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
Psychoactive drug
A drug that affects the mind or behavior.
Psychological dependence
A deep-rooted craving for a drug.
Reuptake
A mechanism whereby a presynaptic neuron absorbs neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft for reuse.
Synaptic cleft
A narrow gap across which neurotransmitters pass either from one neuron to the next or from a neuron to a muscle or gland.
Synergistic effect
One drug enhancing the effect of another.
