Chapter 14 Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What are cranial nerves?
12 pairs of nerves coming mainly off the brain; identified by name and number (usually roman numerals)
What nerve sets are primally or only sensory?
1, 2, 8
What nerves are primarily motor?
3, 4, 6, 11, 12
What groups of nerves are mixed?
5, 7, 9, 10
Nerve set I (1): olfactory nerves
Olfactory only sensory for smell; synapse with neurons in olfactory bulbs which then go through olfactory tracts to temporal lobes
Nerve set II (2): optic
Only sensory for vision; join at optic chiasma where some neurons cross over to opposite sides and continue through optic tracts
Nerve III (2): Oculomotor
Primarily motor; from the midbrain through superior orbital fissure to 4 extrinsic (outer) eye muscles and 2 intrinsic (inner) eye muscles
Nerve set IV (4) trochlear:
Primarily motor; from midbrain through superior orbital fissure to superior oblique extrinsic eye muscle
Nerve V (5): trigeminal
Mixed; from mid-lateral pons to 3 divisions/branches
opthalmic - superior division going to eyes, nose, forehead, and scalp for general senses
maxillary - middle division going to upper jaw and upper cheek regions
Mandibular - inferior division going to lower jaw and lower cheek
Nerve VI (6): abducens
Primarily motor; from inferomedial pons through superior orbital fissure to lateral rectus eye muscle
Nerve VII (7): Facial
Mixed; from inferior pons to taste buds on tongue for special sense of taste; motor functions are to stimulate facial muscles
Nerve VIII (8): vestibulochlear
Primarily sensory; from inferolateral pons to internal ear; formed from vestibular nerve for sense of equilibrium and from cochlear nerve for hearing
Nerve IX (9): glossopharyngeal
mixed; from upper medulla oblongata through jugular foramen to tongue for special sense of taste and throat for general senses
motor functions are to stimulate pharynx/throat muscles for swallowing salivary glands to release saliva
nerve X (10): vagus
mixed; from medulla oblongata through jugular foramen down through neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities; longest cranial nerves; has branches going to organs such as the hear, lungs, stomach, small and large intestine. has both sensory and motor functions
Nerve XI (11): accessory
primarily motor - from upper spinal cord and medulla oblongata through jugular foramen to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Nerve XII (12): hypoglossal
HINT: GLOSSAL
primarily motor from medulla oblongata anterior to cranial nerves IX and X and goes to muscles of tongue for movement
