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Psych 100B > Chapter 14 - Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Personality Flashcards

1
Q

personality

A

an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting

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2
Q

sigmund freuds psychoanalytic theory

A

said that children sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality

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3
Q

humanistic approach

A

focused on our inner capacities for growth and self fulfillment. focus on the healthy potential self growth

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4
Q

trait theories

A

examine characteristic patterns of behaviour

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5
Q

social cognitive theories

A

explore the interactions between peoples traits and their social context

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6
Q

psychodynamic theories

A

view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences

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7
Q

psychoanalysis

A

frauds theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

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8
Q

unconscious

A

according to freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. according to contemporary psychologists, info processing of which we are unaware

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9
Q

free association

A

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says what ever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarassing

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10
Q

id

A

a recevoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. the id operates on the pleasure principle demanding immediate gratification

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11
Q

ego

A

the largely conscious “executive” part of personality that, according to freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. the ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

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12
Q

superego

A

around 4 or 5, a child is able to recognize it. the part of personality that, according to freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement (the conscience) and for future aspirations

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13
Q

psychosexual stages

A

the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to freud, the id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones (pleasure sensitive areas)

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14
Q

Oral stage

A

0-18 months. pleasure centres on the mouth, sucking, biting, chewing.

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15
Q

anal stage

A

18-36 months. pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control.

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16
Q

phallic stage

A

3-6 years. pleasure zone in the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings. boys hate for father, attraction to mother

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17
Q

latency

A

6-puberty. a phase of dormant sexual feelings.

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18
Q

genital

A

puberty on. maturation of sexual interests

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19
Q

oedipus complex

A

according to freud, a boys sexual desires towards his mother, and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the father. it was also believed that girls experienced a parallel electra complex

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20
Q

identification

A

according to freud, the process by which children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos

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21
Q

fixation

A

according to freud, a lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved

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22
Q

defence mechanism

A

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

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23
Q

repression

A

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defence mechanism that banishes from consciousness, anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories,

24
Q

manifest content

A

remembered content of dreams

25
Q

latent content

A

dreamers unconscious wishes

26
Q

what are the six defence mechanisms?

A

regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement and denial

27
Q

regression

A

retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated (in certain circumstances doing something you would have done when you were younger)

28
Q

reaction formation

A

switching unacceptable impulses to their opposites (angry to excited)

29
Q

projection

A

disguising ones own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

30
Q

rationalization

A

offering self justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for ones actions

31
Q

displacement

A

shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

32
Q

denial

A

refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities

33
Q

Freud overestimated ____________ and underestimated ___________

A

parental influence, peer influence

34
Q

collective unconscious

A

carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

35
Q

projective test

A

a personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics

36
Q

thematic apperception test

A

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.

37
Q

rorschach inkblot test

A

the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify peoples inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

38
Q

false consensus effect

A

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviours

39
Q

terror management theory

A

the theory of death related anxiety; explores peoples emotional and behavioural responses to reminders of their impending death

40
Q

self actualization

A

according to maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self esteem is achieved; the motivation to full fill ones potential

41
Q

self transcendence

A

meaning, purpose, and communion beyond the self

42
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

according to rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

43
Q

self concept

A

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question: who am I?

44
Q

trait

A

a characteristic pattern of behaviour or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self report inventories and peer reports

45
Q

personality inventory

A

often true or false. questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behaviours - assess several traits at once

46
Q

Minnesota multiphase personality inventory (MMPI)

A

the most widely used researched and clinically used of all personality tests. originaly developed to identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposes

47
Q

empirically derived tests

A

a test (such as MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

48
Q

social cognitive perspective

A

views behaviour as influenced by the interaction between people traits (including their thinking) and their social context

49
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

the interacting influences of behaviour, internal cognition and environment

50
Q

self

A

in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the centre of personality, the organizers of our thoughts, feelings and actions

51
Q

spotlight effect

A

overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as we presume a spotlight shines on us)

52
Q

self esteem

A

ones feeling of high or low self worth

53
Q

self efficacy

A

ones sense of competence and effectiveness

54
Q

self serving bias

A

a readineess to perceive oneself favourably

55
Q

narcissism

A

excessive self love

Psych 100B (9 decks)

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