Chapter 14 (Politics of Counterterrorism)

Question 1

Bush Doctrine

Answer 1

1. Unilateralism (US decides on a plan and everyone else either supports it or gets out of the way); 2. Preemption (hit first so you don’t get hit)

Question 2

Obama Doctrine

Answer 2

1. Multilateralism (cooperate to set and achieve a common goal); 2. Pragmatism (focus on immediate issue rather than far future)

Question 3

Trump Doctrine

Answer 3

1. Realism (international anarchy, act if it’s good for the US); 2. Bellicosity (talk a big talk, use the stick every now and again)

Question 4

Biden Doctrine

Answer 4

1. Internationalism (make cooperation between states the goal); 2. Restraint (holding back to avoid escalation)

Question 5

Instrumental Approach to the Politics of Counterterrorism

Answer 5

1. Adaptation (states should constantly reevaluate and make choices based on new information); 2. Political Survival (leaders make subpar choices for political benefit)

Question 6

Organizational Approach to the Politics of Counterterrorism

Answer 6

1. Bureaucratic Politics (national decisions are the outcomes of bargaining between bureaucratic agencies); 2. Organizational Processes (SOP’s of each agency are different, resulting in different opinions)

Question 7

Psychological Approach to the Politics of Counterterrorism

Answer 7

1. Risk Perception (subjective judgements about characteristics and severity of risks from leaders); 2. Motivated Bias (confirmation bias)

Question 8

Ideological Approach to the Politics of Counterterrorism

Answer 8

1. Strategic Culture (a set of beliefs, attitudes, and norms toward the use of coercive force; often influenced by historical experiences with violence); 2. Belief Systems (ethnocentrism and authoritarianism)

Question 9

Ethnocentrism

Answer 9

believing that your culture is superior; judge others based on their similarity to yours

Question 10

Authoritarianism

Answer 10

How twisted is the authority? How does it feel about aggression? Hawk or Dove?

Question 11

Structural Approach to the Politics of Counterterrorism

Answer 11

1. Resource Availability (more capacity = more covert, efficient operations); 2. Institutional Constraints (laws, public opinion, civil liberties limit flexibility to make choices)