Chapter 14 Shock

Question 1

Afterload

Answer 1

Pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump blood; increasing pressure can decrease cardiac output.

Question 2

Anaphylactic shock

Answer 2

Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction; a sever hypersensitivity reaction that involves bronchoconstriction and cardiovascular collapse.

Question 3

Aneurysm

Answer 3

A swelling or enlargement of part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall.

Question 4

Angiodema

Answer 4

Recurrent lage areas of subcutaneous edema of sudden onset, often around the eyes and lips and usually disappearing within 24 hrs.

Question 5

Baroreceptors

Answer 5

Receptors in blood vessels, kidneys, brain and heart that respond to changes in pressure in the heart or main arteries to help maintain homeostasis.

Question 6

Cardiac output

Answer 6

Blood pumped by heart per minute; Stroke volume x Pulse rate

Question 7

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 7

Compression of the heart caused by a buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac.

Question 8

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 8

Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure; caused by loss of 40% or more of functioning myocardium; the heart is no longer able to circulate sufficient blood to maintain adequate oxygen delivery; can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions

Question 9

chemoreceptors

Answer 9

Receptors in the blood vessels, kidneys, brain, and heart that respond to changes in the chemical composition of the blood to help maintain homeostasis.

Question 10

Chronotropic effect

Answer 10

Affecting the heart;s rate of contraction

Question 11

Decompensated shock

Answer 11

Late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling; also called progressive shock.

Question 12

Distributive shock

Answer 12

The type of shock caused by widespread dilation of the resistance vessels (small arterioles) the capacitance vessels (small venules) or both

Question 13

Dromotropic effect

Answer 13

Affecting the heart’s velocity of conduction

Question 14

Fick principle

Answer 14

Movement of oxygen in body is dependent on adequte concentration of inspired o2, movement across alveolar-capillary membrane into arterial bloodstream, adequate number of red blood cells to carry o2, proper tissue perfusion, and efficient off-loading of o2 at tissue level.

Question 15

Hemorrhagic shock

Answer 15

Low blood volume from massive bleeding results in inadequate perfusion.

Question 16

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 16

Low blood volume from loss of massive bleeding, or extensive water loss results in inadequate perfusion.

Question 17

Inotropic effect

Answer 17

Affecting the contractility of muscle tissue, especially cardiac muscle.

Question 18

Irreversible shock

Answer 18

Final stage resulting in death.

Question 19

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer 19

average pressure against the arterial wall during a cardiac cycle; considered the same as blood pressure

Question 20

Neurogenic shock

Answer 20

Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of blood vessels, resulting in widespread vasodilation and loss of sympathetic nercous system tone’ seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.

Question 21

Nonhemorrhagic shock

Answer 21

Fluid loss contained within the body; dehydration, burn injury, cruch injury, and anaphylaxis..

Question 22

obstructive shock

Answer 22

shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues.

Question 23

Orthostatic vital signs

Answer 23

Vital signs assessed in two different patient positions (supine, sitting, standing) to determine the degree of hypotension; “tilt test”

Question 24

Perfusion

Answer 24

Circulation of oxygenate blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells’ current needs.

Question 25

Preload

Answer 25

The precontraction pressure in the heart, which increases as the volume of blood builds up when returned to the heart (venous return); directly affects afterload.

Question 26

Psychogenic shock

Answer 26

Caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope)

Question 27

Pulse pressure

Answer 27

Difference between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure.

Question 28

Sensitization

Answer 28

Development of a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction

Question 29

Septic shock

Answer 29

Shock that occurs as a result of widespread infection, usually bacterial; untreated, the result is multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome and often death.

Question 30

Shock

Answer 30

Circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function’ also called hypoperfusion

Question 31

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Answer 31

The resistance that blood must overcome to be able to move within the blood vessels; related to the amount of dilation or constriction in the blood vessel.

Question 32

Tension pneumothorax

Answer 32

An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space that progressively collapses the lung with potentially fatal results.