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Biology > Chapter 14 vocab And 15 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 14 vocab And 15 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Adaption

A

An inherited characteristic that improves an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

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2
Q

Beagle

A

Darwins ship

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3
Q

Evolution

A

All of the changes that have transformed life over an immense time

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4
Q

descent with modification

A

Process of first species living on earth today descended from earlier species

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5
Q

Natural selection

A

The process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring on average than do other individuals

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6
Q

Fossils

A

Preserved remains or markings left by organisms that lived in the past

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7
Q

Fossil record

A

Collection of fossils recorded in rock layers over time

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8
Q

Extinct

A

Species that no longer exist

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9
Q

Homologous structures

A

Similar structures among related species

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10
Q

Vestigial structures

A

Homologous structures that have a major function in one species but not in related species

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11
Q

Population

A

Group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

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12
Q

Variation

A

Differences among members of the same species

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13
Q

Artificial selection

A

Selective breeding of plants and animals to produce offspring with traits that humans have

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14
Q

Gene pool

A

Consists of all the alleles or different forms of genes in all individuals of a population

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15
Q

Microevolution

A

Generation to generation change in the frequencies of the alleles within a population

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16
Q

Hardy-weinberg equilibrium

A

Populations that do not undergo change to their gene pools are not presently evolving

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17
Q

Genetic drift

A

Change in a gene pool due to chance

18
Q

Gene flow

A

Exchange of genes with another population

19
Q

Fitness

A

Contribution that an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation compared to the contribution of other indiciduals

20
Q

Antibiotics

A

Drugs that kill or slow the growth of bacteria

21
Q

Biological species concept

A

Defines a species as a population or group of populations whose members have the ability to breed with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring

22
Q

Speciation

A

The origin of new species

23
Q

Macroevolution

A

Major evolutionary changes

24
Q

Reproductive isolation

A

Inability of different species to interbreed

25
Q

Geographic isolation

A

When a population becomes separated from the rest of the species due to geographic change or movement to and isolated place

26
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

When populations of a species evolve adaptations to a variety of different environments and form diverse new species

27
Q

Punctuated equilibrium

A

Long periods of little change are broken by shorter times lf more rapid change

28
Q

Embryology

A

Study of how organisms develop from fertilized eggs to fully formed organisms

29
Q

Radiometric dating

A

Absolute age or age in years can be determined

30
Q

Half-life

A

The time it takes for 50% of the original sample to decay

31
Q

Geological time scale

A

Organizes earths history into the precambrian paleozoic mesozoic and cenozoic eras

32
Q

Continental drift

A

The movement of earths continents on large plates of crust

33
Q

Mass extinction

A

An episode of great species loss

34
Q

Taxonomy

A

A branch of biology that involves the identification naming and classification of species

35
Q

Binomial

A

Two-part name

36
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A

A diagram that shows hypothesized evolutionary relationships

37
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Process in which unrelated species from similar environments have adaptations that seem very similar

38
Q

Analogous structures

A

Similar adaptations such as wings of insects and birds

39
Q

Derived characters

A

Homologous structures that do not occur outside a particular evolutionary branch in a phylogenetic tree

40
Q

Cladograms

A

Phylogenetic trees that specify the derived characters of clades

Biology (5 decks)

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