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Bio 181 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

DNA——> __________———-> MRNA

A

TRANSCRIPTION

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2
Q

MRNA——-> ____________————> PROTEIN

A

TRANSLATION

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3
Q

Gene specify the sequence of MRNA, which in tum specify the sequence of proteins

A

Central Dogma

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4
Q

Three consecutive nucleotide in MRNA that specify the insertion of an amino acid of the release of a polypeptide chain during translation

A

Codon

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5
Q

Protein sequences consist of _______ commonly occurring amino acids

A

20

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6
Q

Each amino acid is defined by a three nucleotide sequence called the __________

A

Triple codon

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7
Q

______________ is a start codon

A

AUG(Methionine)

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8
Q

UAA,UAG and UGA

A

Nonsense codon

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9
Q

Bacteria, archaea; one single circular chromosome
Also have plasmids

A

Prokaryote transcription

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10
Q

Unwound portion of DNA where MRNA is made; MRNA is made from DNA template strand ( DNA strand not used in non template strand)

A

Transcription bubble

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11
Q

Enzyme (RNA polymerase) use the nucleotide sequence of a gene to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA

A

Transcription

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12
Q

DNA is _______________ to RNA

A

Transcribed

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13
Q

Most RNA is _________ stranded

A

Single

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14
Q

RNA uses _________ in place of __________

A

Uracil
thymine

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15
Q

RNA uses ___________ in place of ______________

A

Ribose
Deoxyribose

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16
Q

Forms phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotides (sugar to phosphate)
Uncloids DNA

A

Role of RNA polymerase

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17
Q

Add the nucleotide one at a time in the 5’ to 3’

A

Role of RNA polymerase

18
Q

Contains information transcribed from DNA

A

Messenger RNA (MRNA)

19
Q

Main component of ribosome where polypeptide chains are built

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

20
Q

Delivers amino acid to ribosome

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

21
Q

Promoter is upstream from gene, transcription starts here

A

Initiation

22
Q

RNA polymerase to add nucleotides
MRNA is synthesized into 5’ to 3’ direction

A

Elongation

23
Q

MRNA disassociates from DNA, either by protein base (RHO-dependent) or RNA based (RHO-dependent)

A

Termination

24
Q

Transcription happens in the ______

A

Nucleus

25
Q

MRNA must leave nucleus through _______

A

Nuclear pore

26
Q

________ RNA polymerases needed for initiation of transcription

A

3

27
Q

Promoter sequence in eukaryote and prokaryotes that help establish the initiation site for transcription

A

TATA Box

28
Q

_____ events that need to happen to RNA before the next step

A

3

29
Q

Step one of RNA processing

A

5’ capping

30
Q

3’ poly-a Tail

A

Step 2 of RNA processing

31
Q

PRE-MRNA splicing

A

Step 3 of RNA processing

32
Q

Sequence in MRNA that code for protein

A

EXONS

33
Q

Non protein coding sequence, spliced from MRNA

A

Introns

34
Q

MRNA template converts nucleotide based genetic information into a protein product

A

Translation

35
Q

TRNA delivers amino acids to ribosome
Has an ANTICODON complementary to an mRNA codon a binding site for the amino acid specified by that codon

A

RRNA and tRNA- the translators

36
Q

Holds the tRNA that Carries the growing polypeptide chain

A

The P site

37
Q

Holds the tRNA that carries the next amino acid to be added to the chain

A

A site

38
Q

The exit, where discharged tRNA leave the ribosome

A

E site

39
Q

Begins when an initiator tRNA anticodon recognizes a codon on MRNA

A

Initiation

40
Q

The large ribosomal subunit joins the small subunit and a second tRNA is recruited
Peptide bonds form between amino acids

A

Elongation

41
Q

Entry of a release factor into the A site terminates translation and the components dissociate

A

Termination

42
Q

New protein is “folded” into distinct three dimensional structure as a result of intramolecular interactions

A

What happens after termination

Bio 181 (9 decks)

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