Chapter 15-17

Question 1

Albumin

Answer 1

• 60% of plasma protein
  
  • Functions as a
    
    • Substance carrier
    • Blood buffer
    • A major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure

Question 2

Anemia

Answer 2

Blood has abnormally low O2-carrying capacity

Question 3

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 3

• hormone released by the pituitary gland
• an antidiuretic action that prevents the production of dilute urine

Question 4

Basophil

Answer 4

• A type of white blood cell with coarse, bluish-black granules of uniform size within the cytoplasm
• anticoagulant heparin, which prevents blood from clotting too quickly

Question 5

Cones

Answer 5

A type of specialized light-sensitive cell (photoreceptor) in the retina of the eye that provides color vision and sharp central vision.

Question 6

Erythrocyte

Answer 6

• red blood cell
• contains hemoglobin and can carry oxygen to the body.

Question 7

Erythropoietin

Answer 7

a substance produced by the kidney that leads to the formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 8

Fibrinogen

Answer 8

• protein in the blood plasma that by the action of thrombin is converted into fibrin
• aids in clotting

Question 9

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer 9

• a hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
• stimulates the growth of the ovum-containing follicles in the ovary and activates sperm-forming cells

Question 10

Fovea centralis

Answer 10

a tiny pit located in the macula of the retina that provides the clearest vision of all

Question 11

Glucagon

Answer 11

• a hormone secreted by the pancreas
• stimulates increases in blood sugar levels in the blood
• opposing of insulin

Question 12

Growth hormone (hGH)

Answer 12

• A hormone made in the pituitary gland
• stimulates the release of another hormone called somatomedin by the liver thereby causing growth

Question 13

Hemoglobin

Answer 13

• bind to oxygen in the lungs, then release that oxygen in the tissues
• bind to carbon dioxide in the tissues and release it in the lungs.

Question 14

Hemoglobin F

Answer 14

Normal fetal hemoglobin (higher oxygen carry capacity)

Question 15

Insulin

Answer 15

• a hormone made by the pancreas that helps the cells in the body take up glucose from the blood
• used to treat diabetes

Question 16

Leptin

Answer 16

A hormone produced mainly by adipocytes (fat cells) that is involved in the regulation of body fat

Question 17

Leukemia

Answer 17

• an acute or chronic disease
• characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the tissues and often in the blood

Question 18

Monocyte

Answer 18

A white blood cell that has a single nucleus and can take in (ingest) foreign material.

Question 19

Otoliths

Answer 19

• is a calcium carbonate structure in the saccule or utricle of the inner ear
• otoliths are used as gravity, balance, movement, and directional indicators in all vertebrates

Question 20

Oxytocin

Answer 20

A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.

Question 21

Prolactin

Answer 21

A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates lactation (milk production)

Question 22

Rods

Answer 22

• type of specialized light-sensitive cell (photoreceptor) in the retina
• provides side vision and the ability to see objects in dim light (night vision)

Question 23

Taste buds

Answer 23

One of the tiny, barrel-shaped endings of the gustatory nerve located around the base of the papillae (small bumps) on the tongue

Question 24

Thyroid hormone

Answer 24

A chemical substance made by the thyroid gland for export into the bloodstream.

Question 25

Vitreous humor

Answer 25

the transparent gelatinous substance filling the eyeball behind the crystalline lens.