chapter 15 psychological disorders recall Flashcards

1
Q

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms; extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive.

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2
Q

psychological disorder

A

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

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3
Q

medical model

A

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disordered, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.

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4
Q

DSM-IV-TR

A

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an update “text revision”; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

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5
Q

anxiety disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

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6
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

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7
Q

panic disorder

A

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

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8
Q

phobia

A

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.

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9
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

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10
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jump anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

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11
Q

Post-traumatic growth

A

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.

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12
Q

mood disorder

A

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.

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13
Q

major depressive disorder

A

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods or diminished interest or pleasure in most activities, along with at least four other symptoms.

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14
Q

mania

A

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

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15
Q

bipolar disorder

A

a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopeless and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)

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16
Q

schizophrenia

A

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and behaviors.

17
Q

psychosis

A

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions.

18
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

19
Q

dissociative disorders

A

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

20
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.

21
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintain a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight.

22
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), or by fasting

23
Q

Binge-eating disorder

A

significant binge-eat episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting, that marks bulimia nervosa.

24
Q

personality disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

25
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.