Chapter 15 - Virtualization and Cloud Computing Flashcards
What are the benefits of virtualization?
Power saving, hardware consolidation, system recovery, system duplication, research.
What is the difference between virtualization and emulation?
Virtualization and emulation are both techniques used to run multiple operating systems or software environments on a single physical machine, but they differ in how they achieve this:
Virtualization:
- Virtualization involves creating virtual instances of hardware resources (such as CPU, memory, storage) on a single physical machine.
- Virtual machines (VMs) created through virtualization operate independently of the underlying hardware, running guest operating systems that share physical resources with the host.
- Virtualization typically provides better performance compared to emulation because virtual machines can leverage the native hardware capabilities of the host system.
- Examples of virtualization technologies include VMware, Hyper-V, and KVM.
Emulation:
- Emulation involves mimicking the hardware and software environment of one system on another system that is fundamentally different.
- Emulators simulate the behavior of hardware or software components to enable the execution of software designed for a different architecture or platform.
- Emulation can be slower than virtualization because it requires translating instructions and emulating hardware behavior, which introduces overhead.
- Emulation is commonly used for running legacy software on modern systems or for cross-platform development and testing.
- Examples of emulators include QEMU, Bochs, and DOSBox.
In summary, virtualization creates virtual instances of hardware resources to run multiple environments concurrently, while emulation mimics the behavior of hardware or software environments to enable compatibility across different platforms.
What are the two types of hypervisors?
The two types of hypervisors are:
- Type 1 Hypervisor (Bare-Metal):
- Runs directly on host hardware.
- Examples: VMware vSphere/ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V (bare metal), KVM.
- Type 2 Hypervisor (Hosted):
- Runs on a host OS.
- Examples: VMware Workstation, VirtualBox, Parallels Desktop.
What are the two types of network data storage?
The two types of network data storage are:
- Network Attached Storage (NAS):
- Provides file-level data storage and access to multiple clients.
- Operates as a file server for centralized storage management.
- Suitable for home and small office environments.
- Storage Area Network (SAN):
- Connects storage devices to servers for block-level data storage.
- Allows multiple servers independent access to storage resources.
- Commonly used in enterprise environments for scalability and performance.
With a SAN, what are the 3 connections options?
Fibre Channel, iSCSI and InfiniBand.
What is Fibre Channel?
FFibre Channel is a high-speed network technology primarily used in Storage Area Networks (SANs) to connect servers to storage devices. It offers dedicated, high-bandwidth data paths for storage traffic, supporting data rates from 1 to 128 gigabits per second (Gbps). Fibre Channel ensures low-latency, high-throughput communication, making it ideal for enterprise environments requiring fast and reliable storage access. It enables the creation of large SANs with thousands of interconnected devices and supports various topologies including point-to-point, arbitrated loop, and switched fabric. Fibre Channel provides features like error detection and correction for data integrity over long distances. Additionally, it supports the transport of multiple protocols, such as SCSI, IP, and FICON, making it versatile for different storage environments. Overall, Fibre Channel is a preferred choice for organizations needing high-performance, scalable, and reliable storage solutions.
What is iSCI?
iSCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface) is a protocol used to transmit SCSI commands over IP networks, enabling the transport of block-level storage data over standard Ethernet networks. It allows servers to access remote storage devices, such as SANs (Storage Area Networks), as if they were locally attached disks. iSCSI works by encapsulating SCSI commands within TCP/IP packets, facilitating data transfer between the initiator (client) and target (storage device) over Ethernet networks.
Key features of iSCSI include:
- Accessibility: Provides block-level access to remote storage devices over IP networks.
- Cost-effectiveness: Utilizes existing Ethernet infrastructure, reducing the need for dedicated storage networking hardware.
- Flexibility: Supports both dedicated and shared network infrastructures.
- Scalability: Enables the creation of large-scale storage networks with multiple initiators and targets.
- Compatibility: Works seamlessly with existing SCSI-based storage devices and applications.
iSCSI is widely used in enterprise environments for storage consolidation, virtualization, and disaster recovery solutions.
What is InfiniBand?
InfiniBand is a high-speed interconnect technology designed for connecting servers, storage systems, and networking devices in data center environments. It provides low-latency, high-bandwidth communication, making it suitable for demanding workloads such as high-performance computing (HPC), cloud computing, and big data analytics.
Key features of InfiniBand include:
- High Performance: Offers data rates ranging from 10 to 200 gigabits per second (Gbps) per link, with extremely low latency.
- Scalability: Supports large-scale deployments with thousands of interconnected nodes, enabling efficient parallel computing.
- RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) Support: Facilitates direct data transfers between memory buffers without involving the CPU, reducing latency and CPU overhead.
- Quality of Service (QoS): Provides mechanisms for prioritizing traffic and ensuring predictable performance for different applications.
- Reliability: Offers features like error detection and correction, link failover, and congestion management for reliable data transfer.
InfiniBand is commonly used in high-performance computing clusters, storage networks, and other environments requiring high-speed, low-latency interconnectivity.
Upgrading what component of a host machine would most likely enable you to run more virtual machines simultaneously?
RAM.
What enables two VMs hosted on the same machine to communicate without leaving the machine itself?
A virtual switch.
What feature let you save a VM state so you can quickly restore it to its latest state?
A snapshot.
What do you need to install a legal copy of Windows 10 into a virtual machine using VMWare workstation?
You need a .iso file.
Janelle wants to start a new photo-sharing service for real pictures of bigfoot, but doesn’t own any servers. How can she quickly create a new server to run her service?
Public cloud.
What are the three level of cloud virtualization?
IaaS, Paas, SaaS.
