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A&P > chapter 16 > Flashcards

chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

We rely on _____ more than any other special sense

A

vision

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2
Q

Accesory structures of the eye provide which 3 functions

A
  • Protection
  • Lubrication
  • Support
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3
Q

What are the accesory structures of the eye

A
  • eyelids
  • superficial epithelium of eye
  • lacrimal apparatus
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4
Q

Eyelids (palpebrae) are

A

a continution of skin

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5
Q

Blinking keeps surfaces of eye

A

lubricated and clean

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6
Q

Palpebral fissure

A

is a gap that separates free margins of upper and lower eyelids

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7
Q

Eyelids are connected at a medial angle and a lateral angle

A

medial canthus and lateral cnatus

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8
Q

WHat is Sty

A

sty is a painful localized swelling produced by an infection in a sebaceous gland associated with an eyelash

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9
Q

What are tarsal glands (meibomian)

A

-they secrete lipid rich products that helps keep eyelids from sticking together

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10
Q

Meibomianitis is

A

is an inflamation of meibomian glands

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11
Q

Chalazion

A

is a cyst that results from an infection of tarsal glands

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12
Q

Lacrimal caruncle is

A
  • mass of soft tissue at medial angle of the eye

- Contains glands producing thick secretions

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13
Q

Conjuctiva

A

mucous membrane covered by an epithelim

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14
Q

what are the tywo kinds of conjuctiva

A

palpebral (inner)

bulbar(anterior) -extends to edges of cornea

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15
Q

Lacrimal apparatus

A

produces, distributes, and removes tears

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16
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

tear gland
produces tears that bathe conjunctival surfaces
secretions contain lysozyme (antibacterial enzyme)

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17
Q

fornix

A

pocket where palpebral conjunctiva joins bulbar conjunctiva

receives 10-12 ducts from lacrimal gland

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18
Q

Tears

A

collect in lacrimal lake at medial angle of eye

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19
Q

Pass through

A
  • lacrimal puncta
  • lacrimal canaliculi
  • lacrimal sac
  • nasolacrimal duct
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20
Q

Lateral rectus

A

moves eye laterally

VI (abducens)

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21
Q

Medial rectus

A

moves eye medially

III oculomotor

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22
Q

Superior rectus

A

Elevates eye and turns it medially

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23
Q

Inferior rectus

A

depresses eye and turns it medially

III (oculomotor)

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24
Q

Inferior oblique

A

elevates eye and turns it laterally

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25
Q

superior oblique

A

depresses eye and turns it laterally

IV

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26
Q

Layers of the wall of the eyeball

A

outer fibrous layer
intermediate vascular layer (uvea)
Deep inner layer(retina)

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27
Q

Fibrous layer

A

Cornea

Sclera

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28
Q

Vascular layer

A

Iris
Cillary body
Choroid

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29
Q

Inner layer

A

Neural layer

Pigmented layer

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30
Q

What cavity contains posterior cavity

A

a large posterior cavity contains the virteous body

31
Q

What does the anterior cavity contain

A

aqueous humor

32
Q

Fibrous layer is the outermost layer of eyeball

A
  • sclera

- cornea (transparanet)

33
Q

what is the coneosceleral junction

conreal limbus

A

border between cornea and sclera

34
Q

Iris contains what

hint: how many layers of smooth muscles(papillary msucles)

A

-contains blood vessels, melanocytes and tow layers of smooth msucles

35
Q

what are the two types of papilary muscles and what do they do

A 
dilator pupillae(radial) 
and sphincter pupillae(circular)

regulate the amount of light entering the eyeball

36
Q

what does the ciliary body attach to

A

the Iris

37
Q

Cillary body extends ______ to level of ora serrata

A

Posteriorly

38
Q

Cilliary body contains what two things

A
  • ciliary muscle

- ciliary processes

39
Q

what does the Ciliary zonule (suspensory ligament) attach what to what

A

the lens to ciliary process

40
Q

Choroid is the

A

vascular layer that seperates fibrous and inner layers posterior to ora serrata

41
Q

function of chorioid cappiliaries are

A

to deliver oxygen and nuteients to retina

42
Q

Inner layer

A

Absorbs light that passes through neural layer

43
Q

Neural layer

A
  • contains supporting cells and neurons

- outermost part contains photoreceptors (rods and cons)

44
Q

Rods

A

do not discriminate colors/highly sensitive to light

45
Q

Cones

A 
provide color vision
densly clustered in macula 
especially in fovea centralis 
-at center of macula
-site of shapest color vision
-visual axis is the line from an object to fovea
46
Q

what neural layer synapses with the rods and cones and ganglion cells

A

Bipolar cells

47
Q

what is the function of horizontal and amacrine cells

A
  • facilitate or inhibit communication between photoreceptors and ganglion cells
  • alter sensitivity of retina
48
Q

how does aqueous humor reenter ciculation

A

at veins in sclera

49
Q

Lens is held in place by

A

ciliary zonule (suspensory ligaments)

50
Q

what do crystalins provide and where are they found

A

provide clarity and focusing power and found in lens fibers

51
Q

What surrounds and protects the external acoustic meatus (audiotry canal) while providning directional sensitivity

A

auricle

52
Q

what seperates external ear from middle ear

A

tympanic membrane

53
Q

ceruminous glands

A
  • slows growth of microorganisms

- keeps out forign objects and insects

54
Q

middle ear is an

A

air filled cavity refered to as the tympanic cavity

55
Q

communicates with the nasopharynx through the auditory tube and permits the

A

equalizaiton of pressure on either side of tympanic membrane

56
Q

Tensor tympani is innervated by

A

mandibular branch of CN V

57
Q

Stapedius is innervated by

A

CN VII

58
Q

Internal ear

A

winding passageway (labrinth)

59
Q

Vestibule

A
  • encloses saccule and utricle

- receptors detect gravity and linear acceleration

60
Q

where is the oval window

A

scala vetibuli / vestibular duct

61
Q

tympanic duct has the

A

round window

62
Q

scala media has

A

the enolymph and hair cells

63
Q

Hair cells provide

A

sensations of position and linear movement and/or linear acceleration

64
Q

The Olfactory epithelium contains:

A
  • Olfactory sensory neurons
  • supporting cells
  • basal epithelial cells (stem cells)
65
Q

The underlying lamina propria contains

A

-Areolar tissue
(blood vessels and nerves)
and olfactory glands that secrete mucus

66
Q

Olfactory pathways

A

Collect into 20 or more bundles

67
Q

Olfactory pathways penetrate Penetrate

A

the cribiform plate of ethmoid

68
Q

Axons leaving the olfactory bulb travel along the olfactory tract to the

A
  • olfactory cortex
  • hypothalamus
  • limbic system
69
Q

Gustation

A

Provides information about foods and liquids consumed

70
Q

Gustatory epithelial cells

A

-found in taste buds

71
Q

EPITHELIAL CELLS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH

A

epithelial projections on surface of tongue

72
Q

how many taste buds di each fungiform papillae contain

A

about 5 taste buds each

73
Q

Taste buds contain

A

basal epithelial cells (stem cells)

A&P (3 decks)

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