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Medical Terminology > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

white posterior section that supports the eyeball

A

Sclera

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2
Q

transparent anterior section where light is refracted (bent) as it enters the eye

A

Cornea

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3
Q

outer (fibrous) layer consists of 2 things

A

sciera and cornea

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4
Q

Middle (vascular) layer

A

Containing vessels that supply most of the blood for the eye

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5
Q

Thin, posterior membrane

Anteriorly continuous with ciliary muscles that focus the eye

A

Choroid

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6
Q

black, circular opening of the eye

A

Pupil

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7
Q

colored part of the eye that expands and contracts in response to light

A

Iris

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8
Q

Responsible for responding to light energy and sending impulses to the brain by way of the optic nerve for interpretation as vision

A

Retina

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9
Q

black and white vision and function in dim light

A

Rods

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10
Q

color vision and function in bright light

A

Cones

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11
Q

place where optic nerve enters the eye; also called blind spot

A

Optic disc

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12
Q

Interior (sensory) layer consists of 4 things

A

cones, rods, optic disc, retina

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13
Q

Protect eyes from foreign particles, injury, intense light, and trauma

A

Eyelids

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14
Q

Membrane that covers the inside of the eyelids and anterior surface of the eye

A

Conjunctiva

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15
Q

Produce tears to keep eyeballs moist and clear of dust and other particles

A

Lacrimal glands

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16
Q

Opacity or clouding of the crystalline lens or its surrounding membrane (See illustration.)
Unilateral or bilateral
Slow development affecting visual acuity
Especially common in older persons

A

Cataract

17
Q

Cataract

Signs and symptoms

A

Sensitivity to light and glare
Difficulty seeing at night
Glare or halos around lights
Double vision (sometimes), especially in one eye
White appearance to pupil of the eye as the cataract matures

18
Q

Cataract

Treatment

A

Depending on degree of visual impairment, age, general health, and occupation of the individual
Corrective lenses for mild cases
Surgical extraction of the defective lens when other forms of correction are ineffective

19
Q

outer ear contains 3

A

auricle, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane

20
Q

visible portion composed of folds of cartilage covered with skin

A

Auricle (pinna)

21
Q

also called ear canal

A

External auditory canal

22
Q

Middle ear

A

Extends from the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to the oval window

23
Q

Three tiny bones, called the ossicles, named for their shape

A

Malleus (hammer)
Incus (anvil)
Stapes (stirrup)

24
Q

hammer

A

Malleus

25
Q

anvil

A

Incus

26
Q

stirrup

A

Stapes

27
Q

Inner ear

A

Series of fluid-filled passages called the labyrinth

28
Q

Organ of Corti, which contains tiny nerve endings called hair cells

A

Cochlea

29
Q

Vestibular apparatus

A

Vestibule
Semicircular canals
Utricle
Saccule

30
Q

Sound conducted by displacement of air

Sound transmitted from the auricle to the tympanic membrane via the external auditory canal

A

Outer ear

31
Q

a waxy yellow substance, used to entrap objects and prevent them from entering the middle ear

A

cerumen

32
Q

Sound conducted through ossicles

Movement of ossicles causing stapes to exert gentle pumping action against the oval window

A

Middle ear

33
Q

Responsible for hearing
Conversion of movement of hair cells into electrical signals
Transmission of signals via the vestibulocochlear (eighth cranial) nerve to the brain
Interpretation of signals by brain as sound

A

Cochlea

Inner ear

34
Q

Structures filled with endolymph and sensitive hair cells to maintain balance
Semicircular canals — responsible for sending information to the brain regarding head orientation in order to maintain balance

A 
Vestibular apparatus
Inner ear (continued)
35
Q

Inflammation of the middle ear
Possibly caused by bacteria or virus
Possibly acute or chronic
Accumulation of fluid within the middle ear
Common disorder among infants and young children because of their short eustachian tube, which provides a pathway for bacteria to enter from the nasopharynx

A

Otitis Media

36
Q

Otitis Media

Signs and symptoms

A

Earache (most common)
Bulging and reddening of eardrum
Presence of pyogenic microorganisms (in suppurative otitis media)

37
Q

Otitis Media

Treatment

A

Antibiotics to treat infection
Analgesics to relieve pain
Myringotomy or needle aspiration in severe cases to drain built-up fluid
Surgery, such as myringoplasty, to repair a ruptured tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Surgical insertion of pressure-equalizing (PE) tubes in the tympanic membrane to equalize pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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