Chapter 16 non word parts

Question 1

Biopsy technique that uses a narrow hollow needle to obtain tiny amounts of tissue for pathologic examination. Thyroid nodules are frequently biopsied using ___.

Answer 1

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)

Question 2

Enlargement of the thyroid gland. May be caused by autoimmune disease of the thyroid (Graves disease or Hashimoto thyroiditis) ,iodine deficiency or the presence of multiple nodules.

Answer 2

Goiter

Question 3

Blood test to determine the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood after fasting 8-10 hours.

Answer 3

Fasting blood sugar (FBS)

Question 4

Nuclear medicine scan that measures thyroid function, particularly when distinguishing different causes of hyperthyroidism.

Answer 4

Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)

Question 5

Blood test that measures the amount of thyroid stimulating hormones in the blood; used to diagnose hypothyroidism and to monitor patents on thyroid replacement therapy.

Answer 5

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Level (TSH)

Question 6

Result of decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Symptoms include excessive thirst (polydipsia), large amounts of urine (polyuria), and water being excreted from the body.

Answer 6

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

Question 7

Chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by under-activity of the insulin-producing islets of Langerhans and characterized by elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia). Can cause chronic renal disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy. In extreme cases the patient may develop ketosis, acidosis, and finally coma.

Answer 7

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Question 8

Condition brought about by hypersecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland before puberty.

Answer 8

Gigantism

Question 9

Chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex. Signs and symptoms may include weakness, weight loss, hypotension, darkening of skin, and loss of appetite.

Answer 9

Addison disease

Question 10

Condition caused by congenital absence or atrophy (wasting away) of the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism. The disease is characterized by puffy features, mental deficiency, large tongue, and dwarfism.

Answer 10

Congenital hypothyroidism

Question 11

Group of signs and symptoms attributed to the excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortices (pl. of cortex). This syndrome may be the result of a pituitary tumor that produces ACTH or a primary adrenal cortex hypersecretion. Signs include abnormally pigmented skin, “moon face,” pads of fat on the chest and abdomen, “buffalo hump” (fat on the upper back), wasting away of muscle, and hypertension.

Answer 11

Cushing syndrome

Question 12

Autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the production of more thyroid hormone than the body needs (hyperthyroidism), goiter, and exophthalmos (abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs)

Answer 12

Graves disease

Question 13

Serious condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in which acid ketones accumulate from fat metabolism in the absence of adequate insulin. If not promptly controlled by adequate insulin and hydration, can progress to coma and death.

Answer 13

Ketoacidosis

Question 14

Disease in which thyroid gland cells are destroyed by autoimmune processes. Characterized by hypothyroidism and goiter; more common in females.

Answer 14

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 15

Malignant cancer that often starts in the adrenal medulla, composed of immature nerve cells. Primarily affects children.

Answer 15

Neuroblastoma

Question 16

Condition resulting from an extreme deficiency of the thyroid hormone thyroxine; a severe form of hypothyroidism in an adult. Signs include puffiness of the face and hands, coarse and thickened skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech, and anemia.

Answer 16

Myxedema

Question 17

Condition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms as a result of low amounts of calcium in the blood caused by a deficiency of the parathyroid hormone

Answer 17

Tetany

Question 18

Condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones

Answer 18

Thyrotoxicosis

Question 19

Sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism.

Answer 19

Metabolism

Question 20

Chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland that is carried in the blood to a target tissue.

Answer 20

Hormone