Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Gene expression

A
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2
Q

Transcription

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3
Q

Translation

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4
Q

Transcription major events

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5
Q

1

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6
Q

2

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7
Q

3

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8
Q

How do euk cells modify RNA after transcription

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9
Q

Translation steps

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10
Q

Point mutations can change the ____ ____ _____ of a _____

A

amino acid sequence, protein

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11
Q

How are amino acid sequences of proteins changed

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12
Q

Gene expression

A

process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins (or RNAs)

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13
Q

One gene-one ____ (most accurate)

A

one gene-one RNA molecule (which can be translated into a polypeptide)

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14
Q

Central dogma

A

DNA –> RNA –> Protein

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15
Q

Transcription

A

DNA –> RNA

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16
Q

Translation

A

RNA –> protein

17
Q

Site of translation

A

Ribosome

18
Q

In eukaryotes, ____ and ____ ____ happen in the nucleus

A

Transcription, RNA processing

19
Q

In prokaryotes, transcription happens in the _____

A

Cytoplasm

20
Q

In prok. and euk., translation takes place in the _____

A

Cytoplasm

21
Q

Nucleic acid composed of nucleotides (DNA and/or RNA)

A

DNA and RNA

22
Q

Double-stranded (DNA and/or RNA)

A

DNA

23
Q

SIngle-stranded (DNA and/or RNA)

A

RNA

24
Q

DNA abbr. for

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

25
Q

Contains thymine (DNA and/or RNA)

A

DNA

26
Q

Contains uracil (DNA and/or RNA)

A

RNA

27
Q

Template for individual (DNA and/or RNA)

A

DNA

28
Q

Many different roles (DNA and/or RNA)

A

RNA

29
Q

pre-mRNA

A

precursor to mRNA, newly transcribed and not edited

30
Q

mRNA

A

edited version; carries code from DNA that specifies amino acids

31
Q

tRNA

A

carries a specific amino acid to ribosome based on
its anticodon to mRNA codon

32
Q

rRNA

A

makes up 60% of the ribosome; site of protein
synthesis

33
Q

snRNA

A

small nuclear RNA; part of a spliceosome. Has
structural and catalytic roles

34
Q

srpRNA

A

a signal recognition particle that binds to signal
peptides

35
Q

RNAi

A

interference RNA; a regulatory molecule

36
Q

Ribozyme

A

RNA molecule that functions as an enzyme