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Chemistry > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

A solution that will dissolve no more solute

A

Saturated solution

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2
Q

A solution that will dissolve more solute

A

Unsaturated solution

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3
Q

A solution with more solute dissolved than is stable. Eventually precipitate out to the saturated solution

A

Supersaturated solution

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4
Q

When the dynamic rate of dissolution and crystallization are equal

A

Solubility equilibrium

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5
Q

What are the gas solubility trends?

A

Gas solubility drops with increasing temperature. Added energy force gases back into the vapor phase

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6
Q

Light will light in salts (free mobile ions) dissolved in solution

A

Electrical conductivity in solutions

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7
Q

Ability to conduct an electric current

A

Conductivity

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8
Q

Fully splits into many ions; good conductor, strong acids, soluble salts

A

Strong electrolyte

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9
Q

Partially splits into some ions; moderate conductor, weak acids, low soluble salts

A

Weak electrolyte

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10
Q

Doesn’t conduct a current (few/no ions), covalent molecules, insoluble materials

A

Nonelectrolyte

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11
Q

Results from a hydrogen ion attaching to water

A

Hydronium ion

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12
Q

The freezing point of a solution is always lower than the freezing point of the pure solvent, in proportion not the molality of particles

A

Freezing point depression

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13
Q

The boiling point of a solution is always lower than the boiling point of the pure solvent, in proportion to the molality of particles

A

Boiling point elevation

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14
Q

The vapor pressure of a non volatile solute is always lower than that of the pure solvent

A

Vapor pressure (3 principles of water conduction)

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15
Q

Concentrates at the interface between polar and non-polar compounds

A

Surfactant

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16
Q

Synthetic molecule with one end polar, the other end non-polar

A

Detergent

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17
Q

A natural product that is surfactant

A

Soap

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18
Q

Colloidal suspension of particles in a liquid in which they would not normally be soluble

A

Emulsion

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19
Q

Water containing Ca, Fe, Mg

  • creates soap, scum, residues on hair, tub, sink
  • precipitates out carbonates in piping, water spots, etc.
A

Hard water

20
Q

No scums, now biodegradable, used in oil recovery, weiner

A

Synthetic detergents

21
Q

Homogenous mixture of substances

A

Solution

22
Q

Mixture when particles settle to the bottom of the container

A

Suspension

23
Q

Consists of 2 or more substances; not uniform

A

Heterogenous

24
Q

Solution that is uniform throughout

A

Homogenous

25
Q

Substance in a solution present in the greatest amount

A

Solvent

26
Q

Substance in a solution present in the least amount

A

Solute

27
Q

Metal made by combining two or more metals

A

Alloy

28
Q

Size of the particle is between 1x10^3 and 1x10^6

A

Colloid

29
Q

To gradually pour liquid from one container to another without disturbing the sediment

A

Decant

30
Q

Scattering of light by particles

A

Tyndall effect

31
Q

A machine with a rapid rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents to separate different fluids

A

Centrifuge

32
Q

To separate solid particulates from fluids

A

Filtration

33
Q

The separation of complex mixtures hat rely on differential affinities of the substances for a mobile solvent and stationary medium though which they pass

A

Chromatography

34
Q

Substance that shows different affinities for different components in a mixture

A

Mobile phase

35
Q

A region where it’s a solid

A

Solid phase

36
Q

Evaporation and subsequent collection of a liquid by condensations a mean of purification

A

Distillation

37
Q

A liquid lower than the freezing point

A

Antifreeze

38
Q

Maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature

A

Solubility

39
Q

Something that’s not ionic

A

Nonpolar

40
Q

Where lectrons forming a bond are unequal

A

Polar

41
Q

An absorbed acid, water soluble, protects cells, makes collagen

A

Vitamin C

42
Q

Fat soluble, important for growth, important for development

A

Vitamin A

43
Q

Liquids that have the ability to dissolve in each other

A

Miscible

44
Q

Liquids that don’t have the ability to dissolve in each other

A

Immiscible

45
Q

Ionic compounds separate or split into smaller particles, ions, or radicals

A

Dissociation

46
Q

Process of water molecules attaching to ions

A

Hydration

47
Q

What are the 5 principles of the dissolving process?

A
  1. Like dissolves like
  2. Greater surface speeds the dissolving process
  3. Solubility of solids increase with temperature
  4. enthalpy and entropy affect solubility of salts
  5. Gas solubility depends on pressure and temperature

Chemistry (5 decks)

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