Chapter 18

Question 1

Oklahoma Land Rush

Answer 1

The first land rush in the unassigned lands. The area was open to all settlement. Was the largest “land rush” in American history.

Question 2

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Answer 2

Individual tribes agreed to live within clearly defined reservations, and the BoIA would provide guidance, while US military forces ensured protection.

Question 3

Medicine Lodge Treaty of 1867

Answer 3

Assigned reservations in existing Indian Territory to the Comanches, Plains(Kiowa) Apaches, Kiowas, Cheyennes, and Arapahoes, bringing these tribes together with Sioux, Shoshones, and Bannocks.

Question 4

Sand Creek Massacre

Answer 4

The near annihilation in 1864 of Black Kettle’s Cheyenne band by Colorado troops under Colonel John Chivington’s orders to “kill and scalp all, big and little.”

Question 5

Great Sioux War 1865-1867

Answer 5

The Oglala Sioux warrior Red Cloud fought the U.S. Army to a stalemate and forced the government to abandon its forts, which the Sioux then burned to the ground. The war started because the Sioux relinquished large tracts of land as a demonstration of good faith but within a decade a mass invasion of miners and the construction of military forts along the Bozeman Trail in Wyoming.

Question 6

Battle of Little Bighorn

Answer 6

A battle in which General George Custer and his forces were defeated by Sioux and Cheyenne warriors on June 25, 1876, popularly known as Custer’s Last Stand

Question 7

Chief Joseph

Answer 7

Was part of the Nez Perce that was ordered off their land in 1863, and was forced to sell their land and move onto a reservation.

Question 8

Caminetti Act

Answer 8

1893 act giving the state the power to regulate the mines. Also created the Sacramento River Commission, which began to replace free-flowing rivers with canals and dams.

Question 9

Brigham Young

Answer 9

Led the Mormons to get refuge on the West, migrated in 1846-47 t the Great Salt Lake Basin to form an independent theocratic state called Deseret and to affirm the sanctity of plural marriage.

Question 10

Gadsden Purchase of 1853

Answer 10

Gave the US a strip of land, rich in copper deposits, that stretched from El Paso and went west to the Colorado River. And in short, all the land north of the Rio Grande River.

Question 11

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 11

Allowed the Hispanic people north of the Rio Grande to choose between immigrating to Mexico or staying in what is now the United States.

Question 12

Hispanic-American Alliance

Answer 12

Organization formed to protect and fight for the rights of Spanish Americans.

Question 13

Joseph McCoy

Answer 13

Began building a spectacular cattle market in the eastern part of Kansas.

Question 14

“Range Wars” of 1870s

Answer 14

Produced violent conflicts. Was the conflict between homesteaders and ranchers. Cattle barons cut down farmers fence and ranchers animals ruined their ground. Shepherds and cattleman fought for land.

Question 15

Homestead Act of 1862

Answer 15

1862 act which granted a quarter section (160 acres) of the public domain free to any settler who lived on the land for at least five years and improved it.

Question 16

John Deere

Answer 16

Designed the “singing plow” that easily turned prairie grass under and turned up even highly compacted soil.

Question 17

Morrill Act of 1862

Answer 17

Act by which “land-grant” colleges acquired space for campuses in return for promising to institute agricultural programs.

Question 18

National Reclamation Act of 1902

Answer 18

1902 act that which added 1 million acres of irrigated land to the US.

Question 19

Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 19

Helped promote the image of the West being a land of promise and opportunity. He was the future president of the US.

Question 20

Dime Novels/ westerns

Answer 20

US popular fiction issued in series of inexpensive paperbound and films commonly western things with additions that reflected myths

Question 21

“American Primitive”

Answer 21

New technologies of graphic reproduction encouraged painters and photographers to provide new images of the West, authentic as well as fabricated.

Question 22

Helen Hunt Jackson

Answer 22

Helen Hunt Jackson, was an American poet and writer who became an activist on behalf of improved treatment of Native Americans by the United States government. She described the adverse effects of government actions in her history A Century of Dishonor.

Question 23

Dawes Severalty Act

Answer 23

An act passed by congress in 1887, law terminating tribal ownership of land and allotting some parcels of land to individual Indians with the remainder opened for white settlement.

Question 24

Ghost Dance

Answer 24

prophet performed for others and soon spread throughout the tribe, and was a new religious movement incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems.