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Anatomy > Chapter 18 Blood: Blood Composition > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Blood: Blood Composition Flashcards

1
Q

What is plasma?

A

Lease dense component of blood. It is 90% water and is 55% of the total volume of blood

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2
Q

What are formed elements?

A

Cellular components of blood/plasma. They make up 45% of blood

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3
Q

What is the formation of blood called?

A

Hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis

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4
Q

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A

Through stem cells in red bone marrow

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5
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

Red blood cells/RBC. They are the most dense component of blood

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6
Q

How would you describe the structure of a red blood cell?

A

They are biconcave disc shaped. In other words, they are dented . They measure about 7-8 micrometers.

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7
Q

What is the typical concentration of blood?

A

4-6 million per microliter’ differs between males and females.

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8
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell?

A

they transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

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9
Q

What is erythropoiesis?

A

The process for formation for red blood cells.

hematopoietic stem cell>myeloid stem cell>proerythroblast>erythrocyte

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10
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

White blood cells/WBC. Spherical in shape and are about 5-24 micrometers diameter.

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11
Q

Do erythrocytes have a nucleus?

A

No

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12
Q

Do leukocytes have a nucleus?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What is the concentration level for leukocytes?

A

4800-11,000 per microliter

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14
Q

How many types of leukocytes are there?

A

Two

Agranulocytes and granulocytes

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15
Q

What are the three types of granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of neutrophil granulocytes??

A

Small granules; multi lobed nucleus. It is the most common type of WBC.

These granular leukocytes function in phagocytosis (cell eating).

17
Q

What is leupoiesis?

A

The process of formation for white blood cells

18
Q

what is the the step that determines when a cell is committed to becoming a neutrophil granulocyte during leupoiesis?

A

hematopoietic stem cell> myeloid stem cell> myeloblast > promyelocytes>neutrophilic myelocyte> neutrophil

the neutrophilic myelocytestep

19
Q

What are the characteristics of the eosinophils granulocytes?

A

Large red granules, bilobed nucleus function in allergic reactions

20
Q

what is the the step that determines when a cell is committed to becoming a eosinophil granulocyte during leupoiesis?

A

hematopoietic stem cell > myeloid stem cell > myeloblasts > promyelocytes > acidophilic myelocytes > eosinophil

It is the acidophilic myelocyte step.

21
Q

What are the characteristics of a basophilis granulocyte?

A

Large purple to blue granules; bilobed nucleus; least common WBC; releases histamines?

22
Q

what is the the step that determines when a cell is committed to becoming a basophil granulocyte during leupoiesis?

A

hematopoietic stem cell > myeloid stem cell > myeloblasts > promyelocytes > basophilic myelocyte > basophil

basophilic meta-myelocyte

23
Q

How many types of agranular leukocytes is there?

A

Two

Lymphocytes and monocytes

24
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphocyte agranulocytes? How many types of lymphocytes are there?

A

spherical nucleus; blue cytoplasm; function to produce antibodies

There are two types b lymphocytes/b cells and t lymphocytes/ t cells

25
Q

What are b lymphocytes/b cells?

A

They are agranulocytes that form plasma b lymphocytes produce antibodies

26
Q

What is the leupoiesis of b lymphocytes?

A

hematopoietic stem cell> to b lymphocyte to plasma cell

27
Q

What are t lymphocytes/t cells

A

They are agranulocytes that can kill abnormal or foreign cells.

28
Q

What is the leupoiesis for t lymphocytes/t cells?

A

hematopoietic stem cell to lymphoid stem cell to thymus gland to lymphocyte?

29
Q

What are monocytes?

A

They are agranulocyte cells with a U/kidney shaped nucleus. Least common agranulocytes and they work in phagocytosis (cell eating)

30
Q

What is the leupoiesis of a monocyte?

A

hematopoietic stem cell to myeloid stem cell to monoblast to monocyte to wandering macrophage

31
Q

What are platelets/thrombocytes?

A

discoid shaped cell fragments without a nucleus. These are the smallest of all formed elements.

32
Q

What is the main function of thrombocytes?

A

they prevent blood loss

33
Q

What is the concentration of thrombocytes?

A

150,000-500,000 microliters

34
Q

What is the brombopoiesis of a thrombocyte?

A

hematopoietic stem cell to myeloid stem cell to megakaryoblast to megakaryocyte to platelets which break off of surface to megakaryocytes in red bone marrow.

Anatomy (78 decks)

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