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Microbiology Exam 4 > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Cutaneous anthrax

Pulmonary anthrax

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2
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Gas gangrene (myonecrosis)

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3
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Tetanus

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4
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Diarrhea

Colitis

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5
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Botulism

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6
Q

Bacillus anthracis characteristics

A

Forms spore, capsule, and exotoxin

Facultative anaerobe

Soil reservoir

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7
Q

Anthrax

A

Zoonotic disease of grazing animals like cattle or sheep

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8
Q

Cutaneous anthrax

A

Tm: spores enter skin abrasion (ID = 10-50)

Papule becomes necrotic and gives rise to a painless black eschar

20% mortality if untreated

Tx: none, resolves on its own

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9
Q

Pulmonary anthrax

A

Tm: inhalation of spores (high ID)

Tx: abx & antibodies

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10
Q

Is cutaneous or pulmonary more infectious?

A

Cutaneous because it has a lower ID number so it’s easily transmitted

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11
Q

Clostridium characteristics

A

Obligate anaerobe

Soil reservoir

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12
Q

C. Perfeingens (gas gangrene)

A

Tm: surgical incisions, fractures, puncture wounds

Hyaluronidase and collagenase invade tissue

Tx: debridement, amputation, hyperbaric chamber, abx

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13
Q

C. Tetani (Tetanus)

A

Tm: puncture wounds, crushed body parts

Tetanospasmin

Lock jaw, risus sardinicus, opisthotonos

Spastic paralysis - causes death by respiratory failure

Tx: DTap, Td, TT vaccine

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14
Q

C-diff infection

A

Acquired from abx use and/or gastric acid inhibitors

Tx: vancomycin, FMT

Health care acquired infections

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15
Q

Botulinum

A

Tm: ingestion of contaminated canned or preserved food, honey

Botulinum toxin - Ach release at neuromuscular junctions

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16
Q

Infant botulism

A

Tm: ingestion of spores, but immune system is not fully developed

Tx: antitoxin ab

17
Q

Wound botulism

A

Tm: growth in wound; rare

Tx: antibiotics

18
Q

Listeria

A

No capsule or endospores

Flagella

Resistant to heat, cold, salt, pH, bile

Intracellular pathogen

19
Q

Listeriosis

A

Tm: ingestion of contaminated dairy, poultry, meat

3rd most common food borne illness

Pregnant women can pass to baby

Fever, diarrhea, meningitis, septicemia

Tx: abx

20
Q

Diphtheria

A

Tm: close contact, respiratory droplets, fomites

21
Q

Mycobacterium

A

Acid fast stain +

Mycolic acid, waxy cell wall

Generation time of serveal days

No capsule

No flagella

Grows slowly

22
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Worlds #1 infectious killer

Tubercle bacillus grow into strands called cords

Tm: respiratory droplets or mucus

23
Q

Other names for TB

A

Alcai consumption

White plague

24
Q

Primary TB

A

ID= 50 cells (low)

25
Q

Tubercles

A

Granulomas with macrophages, TB bacilli, and fibroblasts

26
Q

Recurrent TB

A

Violent coughing, green or bloody sputum, anorexia, fatigue, chest pain, body wastes away

27
Q

Extra pulmonary TB

A

Bacilli spread to and damage the lymph nodes, kidneys, joints, brain, meninges

Tx: abx for 6-24 months

28
Q

TB detection

A
  1. Tuberculin test
  2. Chest x-ray
  3. Acid fast stain of sputum or other specimen
  4. Cultural isolation & identification
29
Q

Non endospores formers

A

Listeria monocytogenes

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium leprae

30
Q

Endospores formers

A

Bacillus anthracis

Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium difficile

Clostridium botulinum

31
Q

Hyaluronidase and collagenase invade tissues in what infection?

A

Gas gangrene

32
Q

Spastic paralysis

A

Causes death by respiratory failure

Found in tetanus

33
Q

Flaccid paralysis

A

Causes death by respiratory failure

Found in botulism

34
Q

M.leprae

A

Slowest generation time

Optimum temp is 30 C

Also known as Hansens disease

Strict parasite can’t be grown in lab

35
Q

Hansens disease

A

Tm: prolonged contact, mechanical vector, respiratory droplets, armadillos

Bacilli grow in macrophages, peripheral nerves, and skin

36
Q

Paucibacillary HD

A

Flat, discolored skin lesions

Sensory loss

Easily treated

37
Q

Multibacillary HD

A

Disfiguration over body, especially extremities

Tx: combination of abx for 12-24 months

38
Q

Fecal transplants are sometimes used to treat

A

C. Difficile infections

Microbiology Exam 4 (12 decks)

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