Chapter 19: Blood flow into, through, and out of the heart

Question 1

What is “red” blood?

Answer 1

oxygen rich/oxygenated blood

carbon dioxide poor - has less carbon dioxide

Question 1

What is “blue” blood?

Answer 1

Oxygen poor/deoxygenated

low in oxygen content but is carbon dioxide rich.

Question 2

What do the superior vena cava/SVC, inferior vena cava/IVC, and coronary sinus do?

Answer 2

They drain blood into the right atrium(atria) then the blood flows to the right ventricle.

Question 3

What are heart valves?

Answer 3

They extend from the endocardium; enforce one way flow of blood through the heart.

Question 3

How many heart valves are there?

Answer 3

4

atrioventricular valves (2)
semilunar valves
pulmonary valves

Question 4

What is the foramen ovale?

Answer 4

its a valve that allows blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in a fetal heart. After birth, the foramen ovale closes and becomes the fossa ovalis in interatrial septum.

Question 5

How many atrioventricular/AV valves are there and where are they located?

Answer 5

2 between atria and ventricles.

Question 6

What is the function of atrioventricular/AV valves and what are they supported by?

Answer 6

They are supported by chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. They allow blood flow from atria to ventricles and prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria.

Question 7

Where is there tricuspid valve located?

Answer 7

In the right ventricle/atria and it has 3 cusps.

also known as right atrioventricular valve

Question 8

Where is the bicuspid valve located?

Answer 8

in the left ventricle/atrium and it has 2 cusps.

also known as left atrioventricular/mitral valve

Question 9

What are semilunar valves?

Answer 9

they allow blood flow from ventricles to arteries and prevent blood flow from arteries to ventricles. There are 2 that are made up of 3 semicircular membranes.

Question 10

What are pulmonary valves?

Answer 10

allows blood flow from the right ventricle to pulmonary trunk artery and prevents blood from flowing from pulmonary trunk artery to right ventricle.

Question 11

What are aortic valves?

Answer 11

allow blood to flow from left ventricle to aorta and prevents blood from flowing from aorta to left ventricle.

Question 12

What is the intrinsic conducting system?

Answer 12

conduction of electrical impulses through the heart.

Question 13

How many parts of the intrinsic conducting system is there?

Answer 13

There are 5 main parts that help coordinate the heart.

The sinoatrial node (SA) (pacemaker)
The the atrioventricular node (av node)
The atrioventricular bundle (av bundle) 2 branches
The subendocardial conducting network

Question 14

What is the function of the Sinoatrial/SA node and where is it located?

Answer 14

in the superior part of the right atrium wall. It generates impulses at fastest pace which stimulate atrium to contract and go to AV node

Question 15

Where is the AV node located?

Answer 15

Inferior medial part of the right atrium. Its where the impulses from the SA node pause

Question 16

Where is the atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle) located and what does it do?

Answer 16

its located in the interventricular septum between ventricles. It connects the atria to the ventricles.

Question 17

What do the bundle branches do and where are they located?

Answer 17

They are located in both the right and left ventricles. They conduct impulses through the interventricular septum.

Question 18

What is the subendocardial conducting network?

Answer 18

Network of purkinje fibers going to and stimulating myocardium of ventricles to contract

Question 19

What is coronary circulation?

Answer 19

Blood vessels providing blood supply to the heart wall

Question 20

What are coronary arteries and how many is there?

Answer 20

2 main branches that branch of the ascending aorta.

The right and left coronary arteries.

Question 21

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

Answer 21

The right marginal artery - at right margin of the right ventricle

The posterior interventricular artery - posterior side of the heart between ventricles

Question 22

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

Answer 22

The anterior interventricular artery - anterior side of heart between ventricles

circumflex artery - between left atrium and ventricle on anterior and posterior sides of the heart

Question 23

What is the coronary sinus?

Answer 23

on posterior side of heart; opens into right atrium; most cardiac veins connect to it

Question 24

Where is the great cardiac vein?

Answer 24

mainly on anterior side of the heart between the ventricles; goes to posterior side of the heart and connects to coronary sinus

Question 25

Where is the middle cardiac vein?

Answer 25

on posterior side of heart between ventricles and connects to the coronary sinus.

Question 26

Where is the small cardiac vein?

Answer 26

from anterior side of the heart to posterior side and it connects to the coronary sinus

Question 27

What veins and arteries run next to each other on the anterior view of the heart?

Answer 27

The right marginal artery and small cardiac vein run together

the great cardiac vein is next to the anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries

Question 28

What veins and arteries run next to each other on the posterior view of the heart?

Answer 28

The circumflex artery runs next to the great cardiac vein which joins the coronary sinus

posterior interventricular artery branches from the right coronary artery and is next to the middle cardiac vein which joins with coronary sinus