chapter 2

Question 1

Maps and Globes; what are they and what is the difference between them?

Answer 1

• Map: flat representation of earth. Portray distance, direction, size and shape, in their horizontal spatial relationships. 2-D
• Globe: a true representation of the earth, including spherical. 3-D

Question 2

Reference maps:

Answer 2

: show natural features like rivers cities, or political subdivisions.

Question 3

Thematic maps

Answer 3

emphasize a particular phenomenon.

Question 4

Map Scale:

Answer 4

describes the relationship between distance measured on the map and the actual distance it represents on the earth’s surface. Has three types, fractional, verbal, and graphic.

Question 5

• Fractional:

Answer 5

conveys the relationship between distance measured on a map and the actual distance that is represented on earth with a fraction or ratio.

Question 6

Verbal:

Answer 6

states in words the relationship between the distance on the map and the actual distance on earth’s surface.

Question 7

Graphic

Answer 7

used a line marked off in distances to represent the actual distance on the earth’s surface.

Question 8

Scale:

Answer 8

: the relationship between distance on a map and distance in the real world.

Question 9

What is the difference in what is shown on large scale maps vs. small scale maps?

Answer 9

• Large scale maps: smaller area, more detail, has a smaller denominator. 1/10,000 vs. 1/100,000
• Small scale maps: shows a larger area, limited detail, larger denominator.

Question 10

Map properties

Answer 10

area, shape, distance, direction. Projecting map data onto a flat surface involves distorting each of these to a certain extent.

Question 11

Equivalent Projection:

Answer 11

portrays area (size). Correct ratio of area. Sacrifices correct shapes

Question 12

Conformal projection

Answer 12

portrays shape, sacrifices size.

Question 13

Compromise projection

Answer 13

neither conformal nor equivalent: does not preserve shape or area.

Question 14

Families of world map projections:

Answer 14

• Cylindrical: good for navigation but bad distortion of land areas in high altitudes
• Conic: good for portraying land areas in the mid latitudes with less distortion
• Interrupted: splitting up the oceans best minimizes distortion of continental areas.

Question 15

What are the main elements present in most world maps?

Answer 15

• Title, date, legend, scale, direction, location, data source, projection type.

Question 16

What are isolines?

Answer 16

• Any line that joins points of equal value in something.

Question 17

How do geographers portray the three dimensional shape?

Answer 17

• Using elevation contour lines

Question 18

Remote sensing

Answer 18

: measurement by a device not in contact on earths surface.

Question 19

• Aerial photographs:

Answer 19

taking of photographs from the ground from an elevated/ direct-down position

Question 20

• Orthophoto maps:

Answer 20

an aerial photograph corrected to have the same lack of distortion as a map.

Question 21

What is landsat?

Answer 21

• satellite system. Launched an evolution in remote sensing technology. View earth, predict weather, etc.

Question 22

GIS: geographic information system

Answer 22

“library” layers of georeferenced data used to make maps. Now one of the most important tools