Chapter 2

Question 1

The rules and guidelines followed in sociological research

Answer 1

Methodology

Question 2

Knowledge based on empirical evidence gained through direct, systematic observation

Answer 2

Science

Question 3

A set of interrelated propositions, or statements, that attempt to explain some phenomenon

Answer 3

Theory

Question 4

The use of specific observations to develop a general understanding

Answer 4

Inductive reasoning

Question 5

Reasoning that begins with general understanding to theory that is then tested through the observation or study of specific situations

Answer 5

Deductive reasoning

Question 6

An abstract idea or general thought

Answer 6

Concept

Question 7

Defining a concept through the use of other concepts

Answer 7

Conceptual Definitions

Question 8

A definitions that specifies how a concept is measured

Answer 8

Operational Definition

Question 9

The extent to which a technique accurately measures what it purports to measure

Answer 9

Validity

Question 10

The consistency of measurement

Answer 10

Reliability

Question 11

A construct that represent ways in which concepts vary or differ

Answer 11

variable

Question 12

A statement that interrelates two or more variables

Answer 12

proposition

Question 13

A measure indication that two variables are related in such a way that a change in one is accompanied by a change in the other

Answer 13

Correlation

Question 14

A relationship in which a change in one variable creates a concomitant change in another variable

Answer 14

Causation

Question 15

Propositional statements about the relationships between the concepts or variables under study

Answer 15

Hypotheses

Question 16

The specific goals or purpose of a research project

Answer 16

Research objectives