Chapter 2

Question 0

what did Agricultural Revolution provide foundation for?

Answer 0

growing pop, settled villages, animal borne diseases, warfare

Question 1

when did the Agricultural Revolution happen

Answer 1

12,000 ya

Question 2

intensification?

Answer 2

more for less, in this case more food and resources from a smaller area of land

Question 3

what three things cause by the end of the ice age led to the Agricultural Revolution?

Answer 3

1. large animals died out
2. better conditions for farming
3. more space for crops

Question 4

What are some examples of what h&g did that may have led to Agricultural Revolution?

Answer 4

1. in Middle East, developed sickles, baskets, mortars and pestles to remove husks and storage pits for grain
2. Amazon, cut back some plants for growth of others
3. Australians, elaborate traps for eels

Question 5

bad stuff of Agricultural Revolution?

Answer 5

more susceptible to famine and animal borne illness

Question 6

what were some incentives for Agricultural Revolution?

Answer 6

disappearance of large animals, growing pop, newly settled way of life, and fluctuations in process of global warming

Question 7

where were potatoes

Answer 7

Andes

Question 8

where were wheat and wild pigs?

Answer 8

Fertile Crescent

Question 9

What triggered switch to agriculture?

Answer 9

a cold spell between 11,000 to 9,500 BC

Question 10

what was different about Africa in Agricultural Revolution?

Answer 10

domestication of animals was more useful than crops

Question 11

where were cows domesticated?

Answer 11

Sahara desert

Question 12

where was donkey domesticated?

Answer 12

n e Africa near Red Sea

Question 13

where did goats and sheep come from?

Answer 13

s e Asia

Question 14

what was first to be tamed in Sahara region?

Answer 14

Sorghum

Question 15

what was grown in Ethiopia?

Answer 15

teff and enset

Question 16

what was grown in west Africa?

Answer 16

yams, oil palm trees okra and kola nut

Question 17

what did people in Americas rely on?

Answer 17

they focused more on fishing and hunting

Question 18

what was grown in Mesoamerica, a distant ancestor of corn?

Answer 18

Teosinte

Question 19

why did Agricultural Revolution take longer?

Answer 19

because of the north south orientation and the adapting to different climates

Question 20

what were the two ways in which farming extended?

Answer 20

diffusion and the slow colonization or migration of agricultural people

Question 21

what’s diffusion?

Answer 21

the gradual spread of agricultural techniques and perhaps of the plants and animals themselves, but not the people

Question 22

what’s the second process by which agriculture spread?

Answer 22

the slow colonization of agricultural peoples as growing populations either conquested, absorbed or displaced the earlier h&g.

Question 23

when agriculture spread, what else often did?

Answer 23

languages. such as indo-european languages that started in turkey and are now known from India to Europ

Question 24

who influenced India’s language?

Answer 24

Middle East, Africa and China

Question 25

What was the path of Bantu languages?

Answer 25

it spread from Nigeria or Cameroon to Southern Africa, bringing cattle and iron as well as diseases that killed original Paleolithic people

Question 26

where did Agricultural Revolution start?

Answer 26

Fertile Crescent, lasted for 10,000 years

Question 27

why would people resist Agricultural Revolution?

Answer 27

either there were bad conditions for farming, or they lived in regions of such abundance it wasn’t necessary (eg Chumash)

Question 28

what were some of the downsides to Agricultural Revolution?

Answer 28

more tooth decay and anemia, shorter, shorter life expectancy, and new diseases. also, more vulnerable to famine due to crop failure drought or other catastrophes

Question 29

Banpo

Answer 29

in china, called xian, had many houses, storage pits, kilns for pottery, a large public space for religion or political activity, and a trench surrounding village

Question 30

what’re something’s that Paleolithic didn’t need but Neolithic did?

Answer 30

pottery, weaving (thus loom), metallurgy

Question 31

what were new tech changes circa 4000?

Answer 31

“secondary products revolution”, used animals for more than meat and hide, including milk, harvesting it, learning to ride and hitch

Question 32

where and when did horses get mastered?

Answer 32

4,000 BC in Central Asia

Question 33

where were camels domesticated?

Answer 33

Inner Asian, Arabian and Saharan deserts

Question 34

Where were cattle domesticated?

Answer 34

Africa

Question 35

Catalhuyuk?

Answer 35

in southern Turkey, had house on top of old houses, many specialized crafts

Question 36

Tiv?

Answer 36

in central Nigeria, instead of politics had lineage systems that would make separate rules

Question 37

Igbo?

Answer 37

southern Nigeria, had “title societies” which enabled men and women to earn a series of increasingly prestigious titles that could not be inherited

Question 38

what were down sides to agricultural village societies?

Answer 38

often had lazy elders who controlled reproduction

Question 39

where were earliest chiefdoms?

Answer 39

Mesopotamia

Question 40

how were chiefs picked?

Answer 40

derived from senior lineage

Question 41

what did chiefs do?

Answer 41

led important rituals and ceremonies, organized the community for warfare, directed economic life, and sought to resolve internal conflicts. they collected stuff from poor to give to specialized

Question 42

Cahokia?

Answer 42

chiefdom in North America (flourished c. 1100 BC)