Chapter 2

Question 0

Bioaccumulation

Answer 0

Gradual build up of synthetic and organic chemicals in a living organism

Question 1

Biomass

Answer 1

Total mass of living plants, animals, fungi and bacteria in a given area
g/square metre and kg/square metre

Question 2

Biodegradation

Answer 2

The breaking down of dead organic matter by living organisms such as bacteria

Question 3

Biomagnification

Answer 3

The process where chemicals accumulate and become more concentrated up each trophic level

Question 4

Bioremediation

Answer 4

The use of micro-organisms to break down chemical pollutants in water or soil to reverse/lessen environmental damage

Question 5

Carbon cycle

Answer 5

Nutrient cycle in which Carbon is moved through the biosphere
Maintains balance of CO2 in the atmosphere

Question 6

Carbonate

Answer 6

Combo of carbon and oxygen that is dissolved in ocean water

Question 7

Carnivores

Answer 7

Secondary consumers that eat primary consumers and other secondary consumers. At the tertiary level of food chain (TOP DOG)

Question 8

Cellular respiration

Answer 8

The process where both plants and animals release CO2 into the atmosphere by converting carbohydrates and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water

Question 9

Consumer

Answer 9

An organism that eats another organism

Question 10

DDT

Answer 10

An insecticide and persistent organic pollutant

Question 11

Decomposer

Answer 11

Organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms and change them into usable nutrients available to other organisms

Question 12

Decomposition

Answer 12

Breaking down of organic wastes and dead organisms

Question 13

Denitrifying bacteria

Answer 13

Bacteria that converts nitrate back into nitrogen gas

Question 14

Ecological food pyramid

Answer 14

A food pyramid

3 types: biomass, numbers, energy

Question 15

Energy flow

Answer 15

The flow of energy from an ecosystem to an organism and from one organism to another

Question 16

Food chain

Answer 16

A model showing the flow of energy from plant to animal and from animal to plant

Question 17

Food pyramid

Answer 17

A model showing the loss of energy from one trophic level to another

Question 18

Food web

Answer 18

A model showing the feeding relationships between organisms within an ecosystem

Question 19

Geological uplift

Answer 19

The process of mountain building in which earths crust folds and deeply buried rock layers rise and are exposed

Question 20

Heavy metals

Answer 20

Metallic elements with a high density that are toxic to organisms

Question 21

Herbivores

Answer 21

Primary consumers that eat plants

Question 22

Keystone species

Answer 22

Species that can greatly affect population numbers and the health of an ecosystem

Question 23

Leaching

Answer 23

Removal by water of substances that have dissolved in moist soil

Question 24

Nitrification

Answer 24

The process in which ammonium is converted into nitrate

Question 25

Nitrifying bacteria

Answer 25

Soil bacteria involved in two stages.

1st: certain species convert ammonium into nitrite
2nd: dif. Species convert nitrite into nitrate

Question 26

Nitrogen cycle

Answer 26

The nutrient cycle in which nitrogen is moved through the biosphere

Question 27

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 27

The process in which nitrogen had is converted into nitrate or ammonium

Question 28

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Answer 28

Bacteria that convert nitrogen gas into ammonium during decomposition

Question 29

Nutrient cycles

Answer 29

The way nutrients are cycled in the biosphere

Question 30

Nutrients

Answer 30

Substances required for plants and animals to grow, have energy, reproduce, repair and for maintenance

Question 31

Omnivores

Answer 31

Consumers that eat both plants and animals

Question 32

Ppm

Answer 32

The measurement used for chemical accumulation

Question 33

PCB’s

Answer 33

Synthetic chemicals containing chlorine that are used for the manufacturing of plastics and other industrial products.
They get stored in the tissues of animals and also persist in the environment

Question 34

POP’s

Answer 34

Carbon containing compounds that remain in water and soil for many years

Question 35

Pesticides

Answer 35

Chemicals used to eliminate pests

Question 36

Phosphorus cycle

Answer 36

Nutrient cycle in which the phosphorus is moved through the biosphere

Question 37

Producers

Answer 37

Organisms that produce food in the form of carbohydrates during photosynthesis

Question 39

Primary producers

Answer 39

Organisms on the first trophic level

Question 40

Secondary consumers

Answer 40

Organisms in the third trophic level which get energy by eating primary consumers

Question 41

Tertiary consumers

Answer 41

Organisms in the fourth trophic level who get energy by eating secondary consumers

Question 43

Primary consumers

Answer 43

Organisms on the second trophic level which obtain energy by eating primary producers

Question 45

Pyramid of biomass

Answer 45

An ecological pyramid showing the number of organisms at each trophic level multiplied by their mass

Question 46

Pyramid of energy

Answer 46

An ecological pyramid showing the amount of energy available at each trophic level

Question 47

Sedimentation

Answer 47

Ask hilton for a clear explanation

Question 48

Trophic levels

Answer 48

Steps in a food chain showing the feeding and niche relationships among organisms

Question 49

Weathering

Answer 49

The process in which rock is broken down into smaller fragments

Question 50

Stores

Answer 50

Nutrients that are accumulated for short or long periods of time in earths atmosphere, oceans and land masses

Question 51

Pyramid of numbers

Answer 51

An ecological pyramid showing the number of organisms at each trophic level

Question 77

Detrivores

Answer 77

Consumers that feed at every trophic level but they only eat the dead stuff